Rig Veda 4.20.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 20, Mantra 4
Sukta 4.20
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify metrically)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उशन्नु षु णः सुमना उपाके सोमस्य नु सुषुतस्य स्वधावः । पा इन्द्र प्रतिभृतस्य मध्वः समन्धसा ममदः पृष्ठ्येन ॥
Transliteration
uśán nu ṣú ṇaḥ su-manā upā́ke sómasya nu su-sútasya svadhāvaḥ | pā́ indra práti-bhṛtasya mádhvaḥ sám andhasā mamadaḥ pṛṣṭhyéna ||
Translation
हे स्वधाव इन्द्र, सोमस्योपाके नः इदानीं उशन् सुमना भव। त्वे प्रति-भृतस्य मध्वः पिब; पृष्ठ्येन समन्धसा सोम-रससारेण सम्यक् ममदः।
Word by Word
उशन्desiring, wishing
उशन्:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (present participle)
Rootवश् (इच्छायाम्) / उश् (कामे) → उशन्त्
उindeed, and
उ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (निपात)
षुverily, just
षु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootषु (निपात)
णःof us / to us
णः:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रथमपुरुष-बहुवचन सर्वनाम) → नः
सुमनाःkind-minded, gracious
सुमनाः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-मनस् (प्रातिपदिक) → सुमनस्
उपाकेnearby, in proximity
उपाके:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun (locative)
Rootउपाक (प्रातिपदिक) / उप + अञ्च् (निकटे) → ‘near’
सोमस्यof Soma
सोमस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootसोम (प्रातिपदिक)
नुnow, indeed
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (निपात)
सुषुतस्यwell-pressed
सुषुतस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective (past passive participle used substantively)
Rootसु-षु (धातु: षु/सु ‘to press/express’) → सुषुत (ppp)
स्वधावःO possessor of svadhā (innate power/food-offering)
स्वधावः:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun/Adjective (vocative epithet)
Rootस्वधा-वस् (प्रातिपदिक) / स्वधा (न.) + वस् (possessive) → स्वधावस्
पाdrink!
पा:
—
TypeVerb
Rootपा (पाने)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रतिभृतस्यof what is brought/presented (to you)
प्रतिभृतस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective (ppp)
Rootप्रति-भृ (धातु: भृ धारणे) → प्रतिभृत (ppp)
मध्वःof the sweet drink (mead/Soma-juice)
मध्वः:
Karma (object of ‘पा’ via genitive of content)
TypeNoun
Rootमधु (प्रातिपदिक)
सम्together, fully
सम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग/निपात)
अन्धसाwith the Soma-draught
अन्धसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअन्धस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Soma-juice, draught’
ममदःhe became exhilarated / rejoiced
ममदः:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootमद् (हर्षे/मादने) → ममद (perfect) / injunctive-like RV usage
पृष्ठ्येनwith the back(-support)/with the ‘pṛṣṭhya’ (supporting chant/strength)
पृष्ठ्येन:
Karaṇa
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootपृष्ठ्य (प्रातिपदिक) < पृष्ठ (back) + य (adj.)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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