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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 21, Shloka 31

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकविंशः सर्गः

Lakṣmaṇa’s militant counsel and Rāma’s dharma-based persuasion of Kausalyā

अस्माकं च कुले पूर्वं सगरस्याज्ञया पितुः।खनद्भिस्सागरैर्भूमिमवाप्तस्सुमहान्वधः।।2.21.31।।

asmākaṃ ca kule pūrvaṃ sagarasyājñayā pituḥ |

khanadbhiḥ sāgarair bhūmim avāptaḥ sumahān vadhaḥ || 2.21.31 ||

अस्माकं कुलस्य पूर्वमेव सगरपितुराज्ञया भूमिं खनद्भिः सगरपुत्रैः सुमहान् वधः प्राप्तः।

अस्माकम्of us / our
अस्माकम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (conjunction): ‘and’
कुलेin the lineage
कुले:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkula (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
पूर्वम्formerly
पूर्वम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpūrvam (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb): ‘formerly/earlier’
सगरस्यof Sagara
सगरस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootsagara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
आज्ञयाby the command
आज्ञया:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootājñā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
पितुःof (their) father
पितुः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
खनद्भिःby (those) digging
खनद्भिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkhanat (कृदन्त; √khan खन्)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; ‘digging’ (agreeing with सागरैः)
सागरैःby Sagara's sons
सागरैः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsāgara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; ‘sons of Sagara’
भूमिम्the earth
भूमिम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अवाप्तःwas met with
अवाप्तः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootavāpta (कृदन्त; √āp आप् + ava-)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘was obtained/was met with’ (agreeing with वधः)
सुमहान्very great
सुमहान्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu- (उपसर्ग/उपपद) + mahān (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (agreeing with वधः); ‘very great’
वधःslaughter
वधः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvadha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Earlier the sons of Sagara, born in our family, while excavating the earth by the order of their father met a terrible death.

S
Sagara
S
sons of Sagara (Sāgaras)
E
earth (bhūmi)
F
father (of the Sāgaras)

FAQs

The verse underscores the seriousness with which ancestral duty and obedience were undertaken, even at the risk of life—showing dharma as commitment, not convenience.

Rama continues citing precedents to persuade his mother that following a father’s command is an established path in their royal-ancestral tradition.

Endurance and resolve (dhṛti) in carrying out duty despite danger and loss.