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Shloka 38

Prayaga-mahatmya

Glory of Prayaga and the Magha Bath at Triveni

तीर्थैर्व्रतैर्दानतपोभिरध्वरैः सार्द्धं विधात्रा तुलया धृतं पुरा । माघः प्रयागश्च तयोर्द्वयोरभून्माघो गरीयांश्चतुराननात्मजे ॥ ३८ ॥

tīrthairvratairdānatapobhiradhvaraiḥ sārddhaṃ vidhātrā tulayā dhṛtaṃ purā | māghaḥ prayāgaśca tayordvayorabhūnmāgho garīyāṃścaturānanātmaje || 38 ||

पुरा विधाता तुलया समं तीर्थव्रतदानतपोऽध्वरान् अधारयत्। तत्र प्रयागो माघश्च द्वावभूतां, चतुराननात्मजाय माघोऽधिकगुरुतरः पुण्यफलतः॥

tīrthaiḥby sacred places (pilgrimages)
tīrthaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Roottīrtha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
vrataiḥby vows
vrataiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootvrata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
dāna-tapobhiḥby gifts and austerities
dāna-tapobhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootdāna (प्रातिपदिक) + tapas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDvandva-samāsa (द्वन्द्व), Napumsaka, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; ‘dāna’+‘tapas’ as a pair
adhvaraiḥby sacrifices
adhvaraiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootadhvara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
sārddhamtogether (with)
sārddham:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/association)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsārddham (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb/preposition-like (सह-अर्थे) ‘together/along with’
vidhātrāby the Creator (Brahmā)
vidhātrā:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent)
TypeNoun
Rootvidhātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
tulayāwith a balance/scale
tulayā:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Roottulā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
dhṛtamwas weighed/placed
dhṛtam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeVerb
Rootdhṛ (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/कृत्), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative Singular; ‘held/placed’
purāformerly
purā:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpurā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb of time (कालवाचक)
māghaḥ(the month) Māgha
māghaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmāgha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
prayāgaḥPrayāga
prayāgaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootprayāga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)
tayoḥof those two
tayoḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Dual (द्विवचन)
dvayoḥof the two
dvayoḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvi (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNumeral adjective, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Dual; qualifying ‘tayoḥ’
abhūtbecame/was
abhūt:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
FormLuṅ (लुङ्, aorist), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular
māghaḥMāgha
māghaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmāgha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (re-stated)
garīyānheavier/greater
garīyān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootgarīyas (प्रातिपदिक; comparative of guru)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; comparative degree (तुलनात्मक)
caturānana-ātmajeO son of the four-faced (Brahmā)
caturānana-ātmaje:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootcatur-ānana (प्रातिपदिक; ‘four-faced’) + ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक; ‘son’)
FormTatpuruṣa-samāsa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष): ‘caturānanasya ātmajaḥ’; Puṃliṅga, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular

Narada (narrating the Māhātmya within the Uttara-Bhāga dialogue tradition)

Vrata: Māgha (month-long sacred observance; Māgha-snāna implied by context)

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

B
Brahma (Vidhata, Caturanana)
P
Prayaga
M
Magha (month)

FAQs

It declares a hierarchy of merit: among major dharmic means (tīrtha, vrata, dāna, tapas, yajña), the observances connected with Māgha—especially in relation to Prayāga—are portrayed as exceptionally potent, with Māgha singled out as ‘heavier’ in spiritual fruit.

By elevating sacred time (Māgha) and sacred place (Prayāga), the verse supports bhakti-style practice through intensified worship, bathing, vows, charity, and remembrance performed in auspicious settings—making devotion more concentrated and fruitful.

It implicitly uses Vedic calendrical discipline (Jyotiṣa/kalā—sacred timing such as the Māgha month) and ritual prioritization (Kalpa—how rites, vows, and sacrifices are valued and scheduled) to guide practitioners toward high-impact observances.