Shloka 20

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

अनिष्टदुष्टशब्दोग्रदुर्गन्धा चात्र कर्मणि ।

कुलापमानकाः श्राद्धे व्यायुञ्ज्य कुलहिंसकाः ॥

Transliteration

aniṣṭa-duṣṭa-śabdogra-durgandhā cātra karmaṇi / kulāpamānakāḥ śrāddhe vyāyuñjya kula-hiṃsakāḥ

Translation

अस्मिन् कर्मणि अमङ्गलाः क्रूराश्च शब्दाः, तीव्रदुर्गन्धाश्च वर्जनीयाः। ये कुलदूषकाः, श्राद्धविघ्नकारिणः, वंशहिंसकाः च, ते दूरं नीयन्ताम्।

Word by Word

• अनिष्टदुष्टशब्दोग्रदुर्गन्धाः: (those with) unpleasant, wicked, harsh-sounding, foul-smelling (qualities)
• अनिष्टदुष्टशब्दोग्रदुर्गन्धाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) + दुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) + शब्द (प्रातिपदिक) + उग्र (प्रातिपदिक) + दुर्गन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; बहुपद-कर्मधारय-समास (ugra-durgandhāḥ śabdāḥ etc. as a descriptive cluster)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अत्र: here/in this context
• अत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb: here)

• कर्मणि: in the rite/action
• कर्मणि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• कुलापमानकाः: dishonourers of the family
• कुलापमानकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुल (प्रातिपदिक) + अपमानक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (kulasya apamānakāḥ)

• श्राद्धे: in the śrāddha
• श्राद्धे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• व्यायुञ्ज्य: having employed/engaged
• व्यायुञ्ज्य: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + आ + युज् (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• कुलहिंसकाः: destroyers of the family
• कुलहिंसकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुल (प्रातिपदिक) + हिंसक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (kulasya hiṃsakāḥ)

Speakers

• Ritual instruction voice within the Purāṇic dharma discourse (frame-speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Ritual atmosphere
• Social conduct

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Śrāddha is not merely a material offering; it is a cultivated atmosphere of respect. The rite requires guarding speech, soundscape, and company so the intention is not undermined.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/ācāra instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sound and smell are subtle ‘carriers’ of mood (bhāva). The verse implies that the Pitṛ-rite is sensitive to subtle disturbances; harmony supports effective saṃkalpa.