Rig Veda 4.3.11 — Mandala 4, Sukta 3, Mantra 11
Sukta 4.3
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (attributed for RV 4.3)
Devata: Agni (with associated powers: Angirases, Uṣas, Svar as results/fields of action)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.3; verse-length and cadence consistent)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतेनाद्रिं व्यसन्भिदन्तः समङ्गिरसो नवन्त गोभिः । शुनं नरः परि षदन्नुषासमाविः स्वरभवज्जाते अग्नौ ॥
Transliteration
ṛténá adríṃ ví asan bhidántaḥ sámaṅgirasaḥ navanta gó-bhiḥ | śunáṃ nárāḥ pári ṣadan uṣásam āvíḥ svàr abhavat jāté agnáu ||
Translation
Ритой они рассекли и разломили скалу; Ангирасы вместе устремились вперёд с лучами Света. Могучие сели вокруг Зари в радостной широте; и Свар — светлое Небо — явилось, когда в нём родился Агни.
Word by Word
ऋतेनby/with ṛta (cosmic order, truth)
ऋतेन:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक) / √ऋ (ऋ-गतौ, ‘to go/fit’, semantic base of ṛta) रूपेण ‘ऋत’
अद्रिम्the rock, mountain
अद्रिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
व्यसनthey split asunder / they cleft
व्यसन:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (अस्-भुवि/अस्-गतौ) + वि- (उपसर्ग); injunctive/aorist stem ‘व्यस्-’
भिदन्तःsplitting, cleaving
भिदन्तः:
Kartā
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√भिद् (भिद्-विदारणे)
सम्together, completely
सम्:
(क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अङ्गिरसःthe Aṅgirases (Aṅgiras seers)
अङ्गिरसः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्गिरस् (प्रातिपदिक; ऋषिगण/देवयजक-समूह)
नवन्तthey praised / they celebrated
नवन्त:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√नु/नव् (वेदिक; ‘to praise/celebrate’—स्तुतौ)
गोभिःwith cows; with cattle (as wealth/offerings)
गोभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
शुनम्well, auspiciously
शुनम्:
(क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशुनम् (अव्यय; ‘well, prosperously, happily’)
नरःthe men, heroes
नरः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
परिaround
परि:
(क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
षदन्sitting, taking their seats
षदन्:
Kartā
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√सद् (सद्-आसने/उपवेशने)
उषासम्Uṣas (Dawn)
उषासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
आविःmanifest, openly
आविः:
(क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआविस्/आविः (अव्यय)
स्वःthe light; heaven
स्वः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्/स्वः (प्रातिपदिक; ‘light, heaven’)
अभवत्came to be, appeared
अभवत्:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भू-सत्तायाम्) + अभि- (उपसर्ग)
जातेwhen born; in the born (state)
जाते:
Adhikaraṇa (सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√जन् (जन्-प्रादुर्भावे) → जात (कृदन्त)
अग्नौin Agni; in the fire (Agni)
अग्नौ:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
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