Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 61, Shloka 17

कुम्भकर्णदर्शनम्

The Appearance of Kumbhakarna and the Account of His Might

Devanagari script

तत्रकोपान्महेन्द्रस्यकुम्भकर्णोमहाबलः ।विकृष्यैरावताद्धन्तंजघानोरसिवासवम् ।।6.61.17।।

Transliteration

tatra kopān mahendrasya kumbhakarṇo mahābalaḥ |

vikṛṣyairāvatād dantaṃ jaghānorasi vāsavam ||6.61.17||

Translation

Тогда могучий Кумбхакарна, воспылав гневом на Махендру, вырвал бивень у Айраваты и ударил им Васаву (Индру) в грудь.

Word by Word

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable adverb)

• कोपात्: from anger
• कोपात्: हेतु/निमित्त (Cause; हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (ablative/अपादान), एकवचन

• महेन्द्रस्य: of Mahendra (Indra)
• महेन्द्रस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महेन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• कुम्भकर्णः: Kumbhakarna
• कुम्भकर्णः: कर्ता (Karta/agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भकर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन

• महाबलः: mighty/very strong
• महाबलः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of agent)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाबल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier) of कुम्भकर्णः; समास: महत् + बलः

• विकृष्य: having pulled out
• विकृष्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial to main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि+कृष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having pulled/dragged out’

• ऐरावतात्: from Airavata
• ऐरावतात्: अपादान (Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऐरावत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (ablative/अपादान), एकवचन

• दन्तम्: tusk
• दन्तम्: कर्म (Karma/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• जघान: struck/smote
• जघान: क्रिया (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• उरसि: on the chest
• उरसि: अधिकरण (Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• वासवम्: Vasava (Indra)
• वासवम्: कर्म (Object—person struck)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वासव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

Context

"Hit by Kumbhakarna Indra felt tormented. The Devatas, Brahmarshis and Danavas became despondent. Accompanied by created beings they complained to Brahma."

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Mahendra (Indra)
• Vāsava (Indra)
• Airāvata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Anger-driven retaliation multiplies harm, even harming innocents (Airāvata); Dharma requires proportionality and restraint, especially for the powerful.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa escalates the conflict by using Airāvata’s tusk as a weapon to strike Indra.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, the virtue highlighted is self-restraint (dama); Kumbhakarṇa’s lack of it illustrates adharma in action.