Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 61, Shloka 16

कुम्भकर्णदर्शनम्

The Appearance of Kumbhakarna and the Account of His Might

Devanagari script

तस्यनानद्यमानस्यकुम्भकर्णस्यरक्षसः ।श्रुत्वानिनादंवित्रस्ताःभूमिभूयोवितत्रसे ।।6.61.16।।

Transliteration

tasya nānadyamānasya kumbhakarṇasya rakṣasaḥ |

śrutvā ninādaṃ vitrastāḥ bhūmi bhūyo vitatrase ||6.61.16||

Translation

Услышав рёв ракшасы Кумбхакарны, когда он ревел, испуганные существа ещё сильнее содрогались вновь и вновь по всей земле.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• नानद्यमानस्य: while roaring
• नानद्यमानस्य: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नद् (धातु) → नानद्यमान (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; वर्तमानकाले शानच् (present participle, middle)

• कुम्भकर्णस्य: of Kumbhakarna
• कुम्भकर्णस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भकर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• रक्षसः: of the rākṣasa
• रक्षसः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive)

• निनादम्: roar
• निनादम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निनाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• वित्रस्ताः: terrified
• वित्रस्ताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रस् (धातु) → वित्रस्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP)

• भूमि-भूयः: again and again (on earth)
• भूमि-भूयः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भूमि (प्रातिपदिक) + भूयस्/भूयः (अव्यय/तुलनार्थ)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्ययवत् प्रयोग (adverbial: 'again and again on the ground/earth')

• वितत्रसे: (you) became frightened / were frightened
• वितत्रसे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्रस् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्; (पाठभेदे 3rd pl. 'वितत्रसुः' अपेक्षितम्)

Context

"Then mighty Kumbhakarna, who was enraged, pulled out the tusk of Airavatham and struck at the chest of Indra."

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Terror spreads social collapse; Dharma emphasizes creating fearlessness (abhaya) through just protection and truthful leadership.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa’s roar intensifies the panic of those already frightened on earth.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The implied virtue is steadiness (sthiti) in crisis—needed for Dharma to function when fear overwhelms communities.