Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 99, Shloka 31

चित्रकूटप्राप्तिः

Bharata Reaches Chitrakuta and Beholds Rama

Devanagari script

य स्संसदि प्रकृतिभिर्भवेद्युक्त उपासितुम्।वन्यैर्मृगैरुपासीन स्सोऽयमास्ते ममाग्रजः।।2.99.31।।

Transliteration

yaḥ saṃsadi prakṛtibhir bhaved yukta upāsitum | vanyair mṛgair upāsīnaḥ so ’yam āste mamāgrajaḥ ||2.99.31||

Translation

Тот, кто достоин быть окружён служением в царском собрании — министрами и народом, мой старший брат, — ныне сидит здесь, словно ему прислуживают лишь дикие звери леса.

Word by Word

• yaḥ: he who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• saṃsadi: in the assembly
• saṃsadi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃsad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative (7th), Singular

• prakṛtibhiḥ: by the subjects/ministers
• prakṛtibhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental (3rd), Plural (बहुवचन)

• bhavet: would be/is fit to be
• bhavet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: Verb; Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada

• yuktaḥ: fit/deserving
• yuktaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yukta (प्रातिपदिक; युज्-धातु से कृदन्त)
• Form: Kridanta; past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally ‘fit/appropriate’; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; predicate to yaḥ

• upāsitum: to be attended upon
• upāsitum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन; complement)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: upa-√ās (धातु)
• Form: Infinitive (तुमुन्), indeclinable

• vanyaiḥ: by wild
• vanyaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vanya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural; adjective to mṛgaiḥ

• mṛgaiḥ: by beasts/deer
• mṛgaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• upāsīnaḥ: attended (upon)
• upāsīnaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upa-√ās (धातु) + īna (कृदन्त)
• Form: Kridanta; ‘āsīna’ (seated/attending) used as adjective; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; here ‘attended (by)’ in passive sense by context

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ayam: this (man)
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• āste: sits/dwells
• āste: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ās (धातु)
• Form: Verb; Present (लट्), 3rd person, Singular, Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Genitive (6th), Singular

• agrajaḥ: elder brother
• agrajaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: agraja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Context

My elder brother who deserves to be attended by ministers and other subjects in the royal assembly sits here today in the forest surrounded by wild beasts.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Bharata
• forest
• wild beasts (mṛga)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights dharma’s cost: rightful honor and service are replaced by hardship when one upholds truth and duty (Rāma’s exile), showing steadfast adherence to righteousness over comfort.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata contrasts Rāma’s rightful place in the royal court with his present life in the forest.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s steadfastness in dharma (accepting exile) and Bharata’s reverence for rightful order and justice.