Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 8

अयोध्यायां शोकविलापः

Lamentation in Ayodhya after Daśaratha’s death

Devanagari script

स मामनाथां विधवां नाद्य जानाति धार्मिकः।रामः कमलपत्राक्षः जीवन्नाशमितो गतः।।।।

Transliteration

sa mām anāthāṁ vidhavāṁ nādya jānāti dhārmikaḥ | rāmaḥ kamalapatrākṣaḥ jīvann āśam ito gataḥ ||

Translation

Праведный Рама, с глазами, подобными лепесткам лотоса, не знает сегодня, что я осталась без защиты, вдовой. Хотя он жив, для меня он ушёл, словно навеки потерянный за пределами надежды.

Word by Word

• aniyoge: in an improper act/order
• aniyoge: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aniyoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular

• niyuktena: appointed/impelled
• niyuktena: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ni-√yuj (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally; Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular; qualifying 'rājñā' ('by the king who was prompted/ordered')

• rājñā: by the king
• rājñā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• vivāsitam: banished
• vivāsitam: Karma (कर्म; affected)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√vas (धातु; causative sense) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifying 'rāmam'

• sa-bhāryam: together with (his) wife
• sa-bhāryam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa + bhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (सह-भाव: 'with wife'); Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifying 'rāmam'

• janakaḥ: Janaka
• janakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: janaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• śrutvā: having heard
• śrutvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śru (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable verbal; 'having heard'

• paritapsyati: will grieve, will suffer
• paritapsyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-√tap (धातु)
• Form: Luṭ-lakāra (लुट्; periphrastic future) / simple future sense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

• aham: I
• aham: Upamāna/Pramāṇa (उपमान/प्रमाण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st), Singular

• yathā: as, like
• yathā: Upamā-marker (उपमा-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Upamā/Prakāra-avyaya (यथा = 'as, like')

Context

That virtuous Rama of lotus-petal-eyes has left this place for good, and does not know that I am without a protector, being a widow now.

Characters & Entities

• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as relational: protection and care bind family roles. Kauśalyā’s lament highlights the ethical cost of separation even when Rāma himself remains righteous.

What is the narrative situation?

Kauśalyā, after Daśaratha’s death and Rāma’s departure, feels bereft and describes herself as effectively widowed and unprotected.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s dharmic nature is affirmed even amid tragedy; Kauśalyā’s grief underscores how righteousness can still entail painful consequences.