Rig Veda 5.45.11 — Mandala 5, Sukta 45, Mantra 11

Sukta 5.45

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition)

Devata: Dhī as operative power; Āpaḥ (Waters); Gods as protectors (devagopāḥ)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify metrically)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

धियं वो अप्सु दधिषे स्वर्षां ययातरन्दश मासो नवग्वाः । अया धिया स्याम देवगोपा अया धिया तुतुर्यामात्यंहः ॥

Transliteration

dhíyaṃ vo apsú dadhīṣe svaḥ-sā́ṃ yayā́taran dáśa mā́sō nava-gvā́ḥ | ayā́ dhiyā́ syāma devá-gopā ayā́ dhiyā́ tuturyā́mā́ty áṃhaḥ ||

Translation

Depósito para vós a dhī nas Águas — conquistadora de luz, pela qual os Navagvas atravessaram os dez meses. Por esta dhī sejamos guardados pelos Deuses; por esta dhī ultrapassemos toda aflição e toda tortuosidade.

Word by Word

• धियम्: thought, insight (as object)
• धियम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धी- (प्रातिपदिक ‘धी’ < √धी ‘ध्यान/बुद्धि’)

• वः: of/for you (your)
• वः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अप्सु: in the waters
• अप्सु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• दधिषे: I place / I set
• दधिषे: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (दधा- ‘to place, set’)

• स्वर्षाम्: sun-winning / bringing light (qualifying ‘thought’)
• स्वर्षाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वर्- (प्रातिपदिक ‘स्वर्’ ‘sunlight/heaven’) + √सा/शा? (कृदन्त-आधार: ‘-षा’ as ‘winning/possessing’ in RV usage) → ‘स्वर्षा’

• ययातरम्: going forth, advancing (impelling onward)
• ययातरम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (agent-noun)
• Root: √या (गत्यर्थ) + कृत् ‘तृ’ → ‘ययातर्’

• दश: ten
• दश: Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Numeral
• Root: दशन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

• मासः: months
• मासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास- (प्रातिपदिक)

• नवग्वाः: the Navagvas
• नवग्वाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper/tribal epithet)
• Root: नवग्व- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘नव’ + ‘ग्व’—Navagvas, a mythic group)

• अया: by this
• अया: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्/अयम्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; instr. ‘अया’)

• धिया: by (this) insight/thought
• धिया: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: धी- (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्याम: may we be
• स्याम: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू/अस् ‘to be’)

• देवगोपाः: guarded by the gods / having the gods as protectors
• देवगोपाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: देव- + गोप- (प्रातिपदिक; तत्पुरुष ‘देवगोप’)

• अया: by this
• अया: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्/अयम्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• धिया: by (this) insight
• धिया: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: धी- (प्रातिपदिक)

• तुतुर्याम: may we overcome / may we pass beyond
• तुतुर्याम: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √तॄ/तुर् (तरण/अतिक्रमण ‘to overcome, pass beyond’) → desiderative/intensive stem ‘तुतुर्य-’

• अति: beyond, over
• अति: Upasarga
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अंहः: distress, sin, narrowness (trouble)
• अंहः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंहस्- (प्रातिपदिक)