Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 2

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

सुप्तिङंतं पदं विप्र सुपां सप्त विभक्तयः । स्वौजसः प्रथमा प्रोक्ता सा प्रातिपदिकात्मिका ॥ २ ॥

Transliteration

suptiṅaṃtaṃ padaṃ vipra supāṃ sapta vibhaktayaḥ | svaujasaḥ prathamā proktā sā prātipadikātmikā || 2 ||

Translation

ਹੇ ਵਿਪ੍ਰ, ‘ਪਦ’ ਉਹ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਸੁਪ੍ ਜਾਂ ਤਿਙ੍ ਪ੍ਰਤ੍ਯਯ ਨਾਲ ਅੰਤ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸੁਪ੍ ਪ੍ਰਤ੍ਯਯਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਸੱਤ ਵਿਭਕਤੀਆਂ ਬਣਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ‘ਸੁ–ਔ–ਜਸ੍’ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਥਮਾ ਵਿਭਕਤੀ ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ, ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਪ੍ਰਾਤਿਪਦਿਕ (ਨਾਮ-ਆਧਾਰ) ਉੱਤੇ ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• सुप्तिङन्तम्: ending in sup or tiṅ (nominal/ verbal endings)
• सुप्तिङन्तम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुप्तिङन्त (प्रातिपदिक; सुप् + तिङ् + अन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (सुप्-तिङ्-अन्तं यत्)

• पदम्: a word (pada)
• पदम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• विप्र: O brāhmaṇa
• विप्र: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सुपाम्: of the sup endings
• सुपाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुप् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-समूह; प्रातिपदिकवत्)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन; ‘of the sup (case-endings)’

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्त (संख्याशब्द-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्याविशेषण; ‘seven’ (विभक्तयः इति विशेष्ये)

• विभक्तयः: case-endings/cases
• विभक्तयः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विभक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• स्वौजसः: (the endings) su/au/jas
• स्वौजसः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वौजस् (प्रातिपदिक; स्वौ + जस्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्वः (स्वौ च जस् च) — प्रथमा-विभक्तेः प्रत्ययौ

• प्रथमा: the first case (nominative)
• प्रथमा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रथमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• प्रोक्ता: is stated
• प्रोक्ता: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-उच् (धातु) → प्रोक्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP); प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग; ‘is said’ (प्रथमा इति)

• सा: that (she/it)
• सा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• प्रातिपदिकात्मिका: having the nature of a nominal base (prātipadika)
• प्रातिपदिकात्मिका: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रातिपदिकात्मिका (प्रातिपदिक; प्रातिपदिक + आत्मिका)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (प्रातिपदिकस्य आत्मिका)

Speaker

Narada

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It frames Vyākaraṇa (grammar) as a Vedāṅga discipline: by defining ‘pada’ and the case-system, the verse supports precise understanding of śāstra, which is treated as a practical aid for clarity in dharma and mokṣa-oriented study.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: bhakti practices rely on correct mantra, nāma, and scriptural recitation. By teaching the structure of words (pada) and cases (vibhakti), the verse underlines accurate utterance and comprehension—supporting disciplined Vishnu-bhakti through correct language use.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa: the definition of a grammatical ‘word’ as sup/tiṅ-ending, the seven vibhaktis, and identification of the nominative (prathamā) endings ‘su–au–jas’ as rooted in the prātipadika (nominal base).