Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 17

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

न कर्तृकर्मणोः षष्टी निष्टादिप्रतिपादिका । एता वै द्विविधा ज्ञेयाः सुबादिषु विभक्तिषु । भूवादिषु तिङतेषु लकारा दश वै स्मृताः ॥ १७ ॥

Transliteration

na kartṛkarmaṇoḥ ṣaṣṭī niṣṭādipratipādikā | etā vai dvividhā jñeyāḥ subādiṣu vibhaktiṣu | bhūvādiṣu tiṅateṣu lakārā daśa vai smṛtāḥ || 17 ||

Translation

ਛੱਠੀ ਵਿਭਕਤੀ ਕਰਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਬੋਧ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰਾਂਦੀ; ਇਹ ‘ਨਿਸ਼੍ਠਾ’ ਆਦਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਦੰਤ-ਅਰਥਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਲਈ ‘ਸੁਬ੍’ ਆਦਿ ਨਾਮ-ਰੂਪਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਭਕਤੀਆਂ ਦੋ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਜਾਣਣੀਆਂ ਚਾਹੀਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ; ਅਤੇ ‘ਭੂ’ ਆਦਿ ਧਾਤੂਆਂ ਦੇ ਤਿਙੰਤ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਸ ਲਕਾਰ ਪਰੰਪਰਾ ਨਾਲ ਯਾਦ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ।

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (negation particle)

• कर्तृ-कर्मणोः: of agent and object
• कर्तृ-कर्मणोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्वसमासः (कर्ता च कर्म च); षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), द्विवचन

• षष्ठी: the genitive (6th case)
• षष्ठी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: षष्ठी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्तिनाम

• निष्टा-आदि-प्रतिपादिका: (genitive) not denoting niṣṭā etc.
• निष्टा-आदि-प्रतिपादिका: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निष्टा (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + प्रतिपादिका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः (निष्टादीन् प्रतिपादयति इति); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of ‘षष्ठी’)

• एताः: these
• एताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• द्विविधाः: of two kinds
• द्विविधाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि-विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः (द्वौ विधौ यस्य); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विशेषणम्

• ज्ञेयाः: are to be known
• ज्ञेयाः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञेय (कृदन्त; √ज्ञा धातु)
• Form: विधेयकृदन्त (gerundive/भाव्य), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विधेयार्थः (to be known)

• सुबादिषु: among subanta (nominal) forms
• सुबादिषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुबादि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः (सुब्-आदि); पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; ‘सुबन्त’-समूह-निर्देशः

• विभक्तिषु: in the case-endings/cases
• विभक्तिषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विभक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन

• भूवादिषु: among the bhū-class etc. (verb classes)
• भूवादिषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू-आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः (भू-आदि); पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; धातुगण-निर्देशः (bhū-class etc.)

• तिङतेषु: among tiṅanta (finite verb) forms
• तिङतेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिङन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; तिङ्-प्रत्ययान्त-रूपेषु

• लकाराः: lakāras (tense/mood categories)
• लकाराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लकार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; लकार-नाम (tense/mood markers)

• दश: ten
• दश: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दशन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्या; प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचनार्थे (ten)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• स्मृताः: are remembered/are stated
• स्मृताः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्मृत (कृदन्त; √स्मृ धातु)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विधेयभावः

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It frames Vedāṅga Vyākaraṇa as a disciplined tool for right understanding of śāstra: precise meanings of cases and verb-forms prevent misreading Dharma and Mokṣa teachings.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: by emphasizing correct linguistic interpretation, it safeguards accurate comprehension of bhakti-oriented scriptures and mantras, ensuring devotion rests on proper meaning rather than confusion of grammatical relations.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa basics: (1) the function of the ṣaṣṭī (genitive) and its interpretive scope, including participial/derivative senses like niṣṭā, and (2) the standard count of ten lākāras used with tiṅ verb-endings.