Shloka 6

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

ब्रह्मसङ्गिमनः कुर्वन्नुपसर्गात् प्रमुच्यते । उपसर्गैर्जितैरेभिरुपसर्गास्ततः पुनः ॥

Transliteration

brahma-saṅgi-manaḥ kurvann upasargāt pramucyate | upasargair jitair ebhir upasargās tataḥ punaḥ ||

Translation

ਮਨ ਨੂੰ ਬ੍ਰਹਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੀਨ/ਟਿਕਾ ਦੇਣ ਨਾਲ ਉਹ (ਇਹੋ ਜਿਹੇ) ਵਿਘਨਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਮੁਕਤ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਪਰ ਜਦੋਂ ਉਹ ਵਿਘਨ ਜਿੱਤ ਲਏ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਤਾਂ ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਫਿਰ ਹੋਰ ਵਿਘਨ ਉੱਠ ਖੜ੍ਹੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ।

Word by Word

• ब्रह्मसङ्गि: attached to Brahman
• ब्रह्मसङ्गि: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रह्मन् + सङ्गिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (ब्रह्मणि सङ्गः यस्य/ब्रह्मणः सङ्गी) (masc. nom. sg.)

• मनः: mind
• मनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन (neut. nom. sg.)

• कुर्वन्: doing, making
• कुर्वन्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘मनः’ इत्यस्य कर्तृ-विशेषणम् (masc. nom. sg.)

• उपसर्गात्: from affliction/obstacle
• उपसर्गात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन (abl. sg.)

• प्रमुच्यते: is released, is freed
• प्रमुच्यते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√मुच् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)

• उपसर्गैः: by/with obstacles
• उपसर्गैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन (instr. pl.)

• जितैः: conquered
• जितैः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जि (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; ‘उपसर्गैः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (masc. instr. pl.)

• एभिः: by these
• एभिः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन (instr. pl.); सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• उपसर्गाः: obstacles, afflictions
• उपसर्गाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन (nom. pl.)

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तस्मात्/अनन्तरम्-अर्थक (indecl. ‘then/thereafter/from that’)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; पुनरावृत्त्यर्थक (indecl. ‘again’)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Brahman-contemplation
• Progressive obstacles
• Perseverance

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Freedom is stabilized by brahma-oriented attention, but the path is iterative: overcoming one layer of distraction reveals subtler ones, requiring sustained practice.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Philosophical/yogic instruction; not a direct expression of sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Obstacles ‘mutate’ with refinement of consciousness: as gross desire fades, subtler identifications (with power, purity, knowledge) emerge—hence the need for Brahman as the non-object support.