Sutra 23

Devanagari script

अमात्यमूलाः सर्वारम्भाः जनपदस्य कर्मसिद्धयः स्वतः परतश्च योगक्षेमसाधनं व्यसनप्रतीकारः शून्यनिवेशोपचयौ दण्डकरानुग्रहश्चेति ॥ कZ_०८.१.२३ ॥

Transliteration

amātyamūlāḥ sarvārambhāḥ janapadasya karmasiddhayaḥ svataḥ parataś ca yogakṣema-sādhanaṃ vyasana-pratīkāraḥ śūnya-niveśa-upacayau daṇḍa-kara-anugrahaś ceti.

Translation

ਸਾਰੇ ਉਪਰਾਲਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਜੜ੍ਹ ਅਮਾਤ੍ਯ ਹਨ: ਜਨਪਦ ਦੇ ਕੰਮਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਧੀ; ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਤੇ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕਾਰਨਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਯੋਗਖੇਮ (ਕਲਿਆਣ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ) ਸਾਧਣਾ; ਆਫ਼ਤਾਂ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਤੀਕਾਰ; ਖਾਲੀ ਜ਼ਮੀਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਸਾਹਟ ਕਰਨਾ ਅਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਵਿਕਾਸ; ਅਤੇ ਦੰਡ, ਕਰ ਅਤੇ ਅਨੁਗ੍ਰਹ (ਰਾਜ ਦੀ ਰਿਆਇਤ/ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦ) ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਨ।

Word by Word

• अमात्य-मूलाः: having ministers as their root / dependent on ministers
• Type: Noun (compound adjective)
• Root: मूल
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; विशेषण (सर्वारम्भाः इत्यस्य)

• सर्व-आरम्भाः: all undertakings / all initiatives
• Type: Noun
• Root: आरम्भ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन

• जनपदस्य: of the janapada (territory/realm)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनपद
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-एकवचन

• कर्म-सिद्धयः: accomplishments/successful completion of works
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिद्धि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन

• स्वतः: from oneself / internally
• Type: Indeclinable (Adverb)
• Root: स्व
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण

• परतः: from others / externally
• Type: Indeclinable (Adverb)
• Root: पर
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• योग-क्षेम-साधनम्: the means of acquisition and security (yoga-kṣema)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साधन
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन

• व्यसन-प्रतीकारः: remedy/countermeasure against calamities
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतीकार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन

• शून्य-निवेश-उपचयौ: (i) settlement of vacant/empty areas and (ii) augmentation/growth
• Type: Noun (dual)
• Root: उपचय
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-द्विवचन; ‘निवेश’ तथा ‘उपचय’ इत्ययोः द्वन्द्वः; ‘शून्य’ इति विशेषणं (निवेशस्य)

• दण्ड-कर-अनुग्रहः: remission/leniency regarding punishment and taxes
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुग्रह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• इति: thus
• Type: Particle (quotative)
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्यय; इत्यर्थे अवसानसूचक

Entities Mentioned

• amātya (ministers)
• janapada (realm)

More Details

FAQs

What does this verse imply about institutional design?

A capable ministerial corps is the execution engine of the state—linking security, development, fiscal policy, and crisis response into coordinated administration.

How is 'yogakṣema' used here in governance terms?

As a combined objective: promoting prosperity (yoga) and ensuring protection/stability (kṣema), both internally and against external threats.