Sutra 14

Devanagari script

कर्तृकारयितृश्रोतृऋणां पृथग् यथोक्ता दण्डाः ॥ कZ_०३.१.१४ ॥

Transliteration

kartṛ-kārayitṛ-śrotṛ-ṛṇāṃ pṛthag yathoktā daṇḍāḥ

Translation

ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲਾ, ਕਰਵਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ/ਉਕਸਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ, ਸੁਣ ਕੇ/ਸਵੀਕਾਰ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲਾ, ਅਤੇ ਕਰਜ਼ਦਾਰ—ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਲਈ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ, ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਸਜ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਹਨ।

Word by Word

• कर्तृ: the doer/agent (principal actor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन (कर्तारः इत्यर्थे); कर्तृ-शब्द (agent noun)

• कारयितृ: the instigator/one who causes (another) to do
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ (णिच्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन (कारयितारः); णिच्-प्रत्ययान्त agent noun ‘one who causes to do’

• श्रोतृ: the hearer/listener
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रु
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन (श्रोतारः); agent noun ‘listener/hearer’

• ऋणाम्: of debts / of debt(-related cases)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋ (ऋण)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग ‘ऋण’; षष्ठी-बहुवचन

• पृथक्: separately; distinctly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक्
• Form: अव्यय; अर्थे ‘भिन्नम्/अलग्’

• यथा-उक्ता: as stated (earlier); as previously prescribed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वच् (उक्त)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-प्राय विशेषण; ‘यथोक्त’ = ‘as stated earlier’; पुल्लिङ्ग प्रथमा-बहुवचन दण्डाः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दण्डाः: punishments; penalties (fines)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन

Entities Mentioned

• perpetrator
• instigator
• knowing recipient
• debtor/obligor

More Details

FAQs

What modern governance idea does this resemble?

A role-differentiated liability model: principals, agents, abettors, and knowing beneficiaries are punished according to contribution and culpability.