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Shloka 35

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

पूर्वे तु दक्षिणे भागे व्यतीते चोत्तरो मतः । मध्यकाले तु विषुवे त्वक्षया परिकीर्तिता ॥ ३५ ॥

pūrve tu dakṣiṇe bhāge vyatīte cottaro mataḥ | madhyakāle tu viṣuve tvakṣayā parikīrtitā || 35 ||

ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପୂର୍ବଗତିରେ ଥିଲେ ତାହାକୁ ଦକ୍ଷିଣାୟନର ଭାଗ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ। ତାହା ଅତିକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହେଲେ ଉତ୍ତରାୟନ ବୁଝାଯାଏ; ମଧ୍ୟକାଳରେ, ବିଷୁବ ସମୟରେ, ତାହା ‘ଅକ୍ଷୟା’ ବୋଲି ପ୍ରକୀର୍ତିତ।

pūrvein the former (part/time)
pūrve:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormLocative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) used adverbially = 'in the former (time/part)'
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), contrast/emphasis
dakṣiṇesouthern
dakṣiṇe:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormLocative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक) agreeing with bhāge
bhāgein the portion/part
bhāge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormLocative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)
vyatītewhen passed/elapsed
vyatīte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-ati-√i (वि+अति+इ, धातु) → vyatīta (कृदन्त)
FormLocative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; Masculine/Neuter; Past passive participle (क्त) used with locative absolute sense: 'when (it is) passed'
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
uttaraḥthe northern (part)
uttaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootuttara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)
mataḥconsidered/held (to be)
mataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject complement)
TypeAdjective
Root√man (मन्, धातु) → mata (कृदन्त)
FormNominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; Masculine; Past passive participle (क्त) used predicatively: 'is considered'
madhya-kālein the middle time
madhya-kāle:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmadhya (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormLocative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); Tatpuruṣa: 'in the middle-time'
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), contrast/emphasis
viṣuveat the equinox
viṣuve:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣuva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormLocative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)
tuindeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), emphasis
akṣayāAkṣayā (the 'imperishable' tithi/name)
akṣayā:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootakṣayā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग)
parikīrtitāis proclaimed (as)
parikīrtitā:
Karta (कर्ता/subject complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootpari-√kīrt (परि+कीर्त्, धातु) → parikīrtita (कृदन्त)
FormNominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; Feminine; Past passive participle (क्त): 'is proclaimed/called'

Narada (teaching within a calendrical/ritual-time context)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

S
Surya

FAQs

It links cosmic order (the Sun’s course and equinox) with dharmic timing, teaching that certain middle points in time—like the equinox—are regarded as especially “akṣayā,” i.e., yielding unfailing religious merit when used for worship, charity, and vows.

By emphasizing sacred timing, it guides devotees to align bhakti-practices (pūjā, dāna, vrata) with ritually potent periods—especially the equinox—so devotion is performed when its fruit is described as enduring (akṣaya).

Jyotiṣa Vedāṅga: the practical reckoning of ayana (dakṣiṇāyana/uttarāyana) and viṣuval (equinox) for determining auspicious ritual calendars and merit-bearing observances.