Sutra 16

Devanagari script

द्विपदचतुष्पदानां तु कुण्ठव्याधिताशुचीनामुत्साहस्वास्थ्यशुचीनामाख्याने द्वादशपणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०३.१५.१६ ॥

Transliteration

dvipadacatuṣpadānāṃ tu kuṇṭhavyādhitāśucīnāmutsāhasvāsthyaśucīnāmākhyāne dvādaśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

ଦ୍ୱିପଦ ଓ ଚତୁଷ୍ପଦ (ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଓ ପଶୁ) ବିକ୍ରୟ/ହସ୍ତାନ୍ତରରେ: ଲଙ୍ଗଡା, ରୋଗୀ କିମ୍ବା ଅଶୁଚିକୁ ଉତ୍ସାହୀ, ସ୍ୱସ୍ଥ ଓ ଶୁଚି ବୋଲି ମିଥ୍ୟା ଦେଖାଇଲେ ୧୨ ପଣ ଦଣ୍ଡ।

Word by Word

• द्विपद: two-footed (animals/beings)
• Type: Noun (used adjectivally)
• Root: द्वि + पद
• Form: पुं/नपुं; प्रथमा/षष्ठी?—समासपद; here in gen. pl. with -आनाम in next word: द्विपद-चतुष्पदानाम = षष्ठी बहुवचन

• चतुष्पद: four-footed (animals)
• Type: Noun (used adjectivally)
• Root: चतुर् + पद
• Form: पुं/नपुं; समासपद; in gen. pl. with -आनाम: द्विपदचतुष्पदानाम = षष्ठी बहुवचन

• तु: but; however
• Type: Particle
• Root: तु
• Form: अव्यय; contrast/emphasis

• कुण्ठ: lame; crippled
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कुण्ठ
• Form: समासपूर्वपद in following compound; denotes defect

• व्याधित: diseased; afflicted
• Type: Past participle (adjectival)
• Root: व्याध् (√व्याध्/व्याधि)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); used as adjective; in compound

• अशुचि: unclean; impure
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + शुचि
• Form: समासपूर्वपद in following compound; denotes impurity/unclean condition

• आख्याने: in the declaration/report; in stating (their condition)
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: आ + ख्या (√ख्या)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन; ‘in the declaring/reporting/description’

• उत्साह: vigor; energy
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत् + सह (√सह)
• Form: समासपूर्वपद in following compound; denotes vigor/energy

• स्वास्थ्य: health; soundness
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व + स्थ (√स्था)
• Form: समासपूर्वपद in following compound; denotes health

• शुचि: clean; pure
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: शुचि
• Form: समासपूर्वपद in following compound; denotes cleanliness

• आख्याने: in the declaration/report
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: आ + ख्या (√ख्या)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन; second occurrence: ‘in the declaring (of good qualities)’

• द्वादश: twelve
• Type: Numeral
• Root: द्वा + दश
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्याशब्द; in compound with पण: ‘twelve’

• पण: paṇa (coin); monetary unit
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; in compound द्वादशपणः; monetary unit

• दण्डः: fine; penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; predicate: ‘the fine/penalty (is)’

Entities Mentioned

• seller
• buyer
• humans (dvipadāḥ)
• animals (catuṣpadāḥ)
• court

More Details

FAQs

Why regulate ‘health/purity’ claims in such transactions?

Because these attributes directly affect value, risk, and public welfare; policing misrepresentation reduces disputes and prevents harmful transfers.