Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 90

Devanagari script

दानं चतुर्विधं दानमुत्सर्गः कल्पितं तथा । संश्रुतं चेति विविधं तत्क्रमात्परिकीर्तितम्

Transliteration

dānaṃ caturvidhaṃ dānamutsargaḥ kalpitaṃ tathā | saṃśrutaṃ ceti vividhaṃ tatkramātparikīrtitam

Translation

ဒါနသည် လေးမျိုးရှိ၏—(၁) ဒါန (လက်တင်ပေးကမ်းခြင်း)၊ (၂) ဥတ္စဂ္ဂ (အများပြည်သူအတွက် အလှူအတန်းတည်ထောင်ခြင်း)၊ (၃) ကလ္ပိတ (သတ်မှတ်စီစဉ်ထားသော ပေးကမ်းခြင်း)၊ (၄) သံශ්ရုတ (ကတိပြုထားသော အလှူ) ဟူ၍ အစဉ်လိုက် ဟောကြားထားသည်။

Word by Word

• दानम्: gift/charity
• दानम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• चतुर्विधम्: fourfold
• चतुर्विधम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्विध (प्रातिपदिक; चतुर् + विध)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; predicate adjective agreeing with दानम्

• दानम्: giving
• दानम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति (emphatic repetition)

• उत्सर्गः: dedication/renunciation (a type of gift)
• उत्सर्गः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्सर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• कल्पितम्: is prescribed/arranged
• कल्पितम्: Kriya (Predicative/क्रिया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कल्पित (कृदन्त; √कॢप्/कल्प् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; predicative 'is arranged/defined'

• तथा: also/likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), समुच्चय/प्रकारार्थे

• संश्रुतम्: (gift) promised/pledged
• संश्रुतम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संश्रुत (कृदन्त; सम् + √श्रु धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; as a nominal category 'promised/pledged (gift)'

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (Quotation marker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक अव्यय (quotative particle)

• विविधम्: varied/of different kinds
• विविधम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; predicate adjective

• तत्: that (teaching/classification)
• तत्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun referring to the foregoing

• क्रमात्: in due order/stepwise
• क्रमात्: Sambandha (Manner/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; ablative singular used adverbially 'in order/ क्रमशः'

• परिकीर्तितम्: has been proclaimed
• परिकीर्तितम्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परिकीर्तित (कृदन्त; परि + √कीर्त्/कीर्तय् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; past passive participle used predicatively

Speaker

Lomaharṣaṇa (Sūta)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A schematic narrative tableau showing four panels: a donor handing a gift; a public endowment to a temple/ghāṭa; an assigned provision (granary/annadāna kitchen); and a pledge recorded by a scribe on copper-plate/palm-leaf.

Characters & Entities

• Dāna
• Utsarga
• Kalpita
• Saṃśruta

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Charity is not one-dimensional; the Purāṇa systematizes dāna into forms that support both individuals and public welfare.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No specific site is named; the verse provides a dharma-classification relevant to tīrtha culture and public merit.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Undertake dāna in its recognized forms—direct gifts, public endowments, arranged giving, and pledged giving—according to capacity and context.