Shloka 36

त्रिसप्ततितमः सर्गः (Sarga 73): Mithilā Vivāha

Kanyādāna and the Fourfold Marriage Rites

Devanagari script

अग्निं प्रदक्षिणीकृत्य वेदिं राजानमेव च।ऋषींश्चैव महात्मानस्सभार्या रघुसत्तमा:।।।।यथोक्तेन तदा चक्रुर्विवाहं विधिपूर्वकम्।

Transliteration

agniṁ pradakṣiṇīkṛtya vediṁ rājānam eva ca | ṛṣīṁś caiva mahātmānaḥ sabhāryā raghusattamāḥ || yathoktena tadā cakrur vivāhaṁ vidhipūrvakam ||

Translation

ထို့နောက် ရဃုဝంశ၏ မဟာတမ မင်းသားတို့သည် ဇနီးများနှင့်အတူ သန့်ရှင်းသော မီးအဂ္နိ၊ ဝေဒီ(ပူဇာပလ္လင်)၊ မင်းကြီးနှင့် ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာကြီးသော ရှင်ရသီတို့ကို ပရဒက္ခိဏာ လှည့်ပတ်ကာ၊ ညွှန်ကြားထားသကဲ့သို့ သာသနာကျမ်းနှင့် ဝိဓိအတိုင်း မင်္ဂလာပွဲအခမ်းအနားကို ပြည့်စုံစွာ ဆောင်ရွက်하였다။

Word by Word

• अग्निम्: the fire
• अग्निम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• प्रदक्षिणीकृत्य: having circumambulated
• प्रदक्षिणीकृत्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-दक्षिणी-कृ (धातु; कृ with उपसर्ग प्र-; denom. formation)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive), ‘having circumambulated’

• वेदिम्: the altar
• वेदिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• राजानम्: the king (Janaka)
• राजानम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• ऋषीन्: the sages
• ऋषीन्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• एव: also/indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)

• महात्मानः: the great-souled ones
• महात्मानः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• स-भार्याः: together with (their) wives
• स-भार्याः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; अव्ययीभावः ‘भार्याभिः सह’ = accompanied by wives

• रघुसत्तमाः: best of the Raghus
• रघुसत्तमाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रघु-सत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; रघु + सत्तम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘रघोः सत्तमाः’

• यथोक्तेन: as instructed
• यथोक्तेन: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यथा-उक्त (प्रातिपदिक; उक्त = वच्/वद् क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; अव्ययीभावः ‘यथा उक्तम्’ → ‘as prescribed’; instrumental of manner

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• चक्रुः: performed/did
• चक्रुः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• विवाहम्: marriage
• विवाहम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विवाह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• विधिपूर्वकम्: according to proper rite
• विधिपूर्वकम्: Prakāra (प्रकार/ manner)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विधि-पूर्वक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbial accusative) qualifying ‘चक्रुः’

Context

The great, noble princes of the race of Raghu, accompanied by their wives circumambulated the altar of the sacred fire. King Janaka and the sages in obedienceto the directions of Vasishta and in accordance with the sastras conducted the matrimonial.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Bharata
• Śatrughna
• Sītā
• Urmilā
• Māṇḍavī
• Śrutakīrti
• Agni (sacred fire)
• Vedi (altar)
• Janaka
• Ṛṣis (sages)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is the disciplined performance of sacred obligations: marriage is sanctified with Agni as witness and carried out exactly according to injunctions (vidhi) and truthful adherence to instruction (yathokta).

What is the narrative situation?

The wedding ritual proceeds: the couples circumambulate fire and altar, honoring king and sages, completing the prescribed ceremony.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Ritual integrity and obedience—steadfast commitment to right procedure and reverence for elders and sacred elements.