Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 21, Shloka 49

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकविंशः सर्गः

Lakṣmaṇa’s militant counsel and Rāma’s dharma-based persuasion of Kausalyā

Devanagari script

अम्ब संहृत्य सम्भारान् दुःखं हृदि निगृह्य च।वनवासकृता बुद्धिर्मम धर्म्याऽनु वर्त्यताम्।।2.21.49।।

Transliteration

amba saṃhṛtya sambhārān duḥkhaṃ hṛdi nigṛhya ca |

vanavāsa-kṛtā buddhir mama dharmyā 'nuvartyatām || 2.21.49 ||

Translation

အမေတော်၊ ပြင်ဆင်ထားသမျှကို ပြန်လည်သိမ်းဆည်းပါ၊ နှလုံးထဲက ဝမ်းနည်းမှုကိုလည်း ထိန်းချုပ်ပါ။ တောဝင်နေထိုင်မည်ဟု ဓမ္မနှင့်ကိုက်ညီစွာ တည်မြဲထားသော ကျွန်ုပ်၏ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်ကို ဓမ္မမဂ္ဂအဖြစ် လက်ခံ၍ လိုက်နာပေးပါ။

Word by Word

• अम्ब: O mother
• अम्ब: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अम्बा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः (feminine), सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (vocative; case 1 used as संबोधन), एकवचनम् (singular)

• संहृत्य: having withdrawn/collected
• संहृत्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier of main verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् + √हृ (धातु) → संहृत्य (क्त्वान्त अव्यय/gerund)
• Form: क्त्वान्तम् अव्ययम् (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वक्रिया (prior action): ‘having withdrawn/collected’

• सम्भारान्: articles, requisites, preparations
• सम्भारान्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्भार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः (masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (accusative; case 2), बहुवचनम् (plural)

• दुःखम्: sorrow, grief
• दुःखम्: कर्म (Object) [of निगृह्य]
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः (neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (accusative; case 2), एकवचनम् (singular)

• हृदि: in the heart
• हृदि: अधिकरण (Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः (neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (locative; case 7), एकवचनम् (singular)

• निगृह्य: having subdued/restrained
• निगृह्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier of main verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि + √ग्रह् (धातु) → निगृह्य (क्त्वान्त अव्यय/gerund)
• Form: क्त्वान्तम् अव्ययम् (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वक्रिया (prior action): ‘having restrained/subdued’

• च: and, also
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction/particle: ‘and/also’)

• वनवासकृता: caused by (my) forest-dwelling
• वनवासकृता: कर्तृ-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वन + वास + कृता (प्रातिपदिक; components: वन (forest) + वास (dwelling) + कृता (made/caused))
• Form: समासः: वनवासेन कृता (तृतीया-तत्पुरुषः; ‘made by/caused by forest-dwelling’). स्त्रीलिङ्गः (feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (nominative; case 1), एकवचनम् (singular); विशेषणम् (qualifier) बुद्धिः-शब्दस्य

• बुद्धिः: thought, intention, resolve
• बुद्धिः: कर्तृ (Subject) [of वर्त्यताम्]
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः (feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (nominative; case 1), एकवचनम् (singular)

• मम: my, of me
• मम: सम्बन्ध (Possessor/Relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्तिः (genitive; case 6), एकवचनम् (singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• धर्म्या: righteous, conforming to duty
• धर्म्या: कर्तृ-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः (feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (nominative; case 1), एकवचनम् (singular); विशेषणम् (qualifier) बुद्धिः-शब्दस्य

• अनु: in accordance with, after
• अनु: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/Preverbal modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (अव्यय)
• Form: उपसर्ग/अव्ययम् (preverb/indeclinable): ‘after, in accordance with’ (here governing sense with वर्त्यताम्)

• वर्त्यताम्: let (it) be followed / let (it) proceed accordingly
• वर्त्यताम्: विधेय (Predicate verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + √वृत् (धातु) → वर्त्यताम् (आज्ञार्थे लोट्; कर्मणि/आत्मनेपद-प्रयोगः)
• Form: लोट्-लकारः (imperative), प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम् (singular); आत्मनेपदम् (middle). भावः/कर्मणि-प्रयोगः: ‘let it be followed/let it proceed in accordance’

Context

I do not find anybody in this world, even an adversary or one defeated, who finds fault with him even in his absence.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Kausalya

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as steadfast adherence to a rightful decision, even when it causes personal sorrow—Rama asks that emotion be governed by duty.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama addresses Kausalya, asking her to stop coronation arrangements and to accept his decision to go to the forest.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-control (dama) and resolve (dhṛti) in service of dharma.