Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 76

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

पर्वस्वथाऽन्यत् तस्मात्तु वर्ज्यान्येतानि पण्डितैः ।

गर्भहन्तुः सुतो निघ्नो मोहनी चापि कन्यका ॥

Transliteration

parvasv athānyat tasmāt tu varjyāny etāni paṇḍitaiḥ | garbhahantuḥ suto nighno mohanī cāpi kanyakā ||

Translation

ပွဲတော်/ကာလပြောင်းချိန် (parvan) များနှင့် အခြားအချို့သောနေ့များတွင်လည်း ထို့ကြောင့် ပညာရှိတို့သည် ထိုအချိန်များကို ရှောင်ကြဉ်သင့်သည်။ မရှောင်လျှင် ‘ဂರ್ಭဖျက်သူ’ (garbha-hantṛ)၊ ‘သားသတ်သူ’ (suta-nighna) နှင့် ‘စိတ်လှည့်စားသော သမီး’ (mohanī kanyakā) ဟူသော အကျိုးများ ဖြစ်လာသည်ဟု ဆိုကြသည်။

Word by Word

• पर्वसु: on festival/critical days
• पर्वसु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Plural (बहुवचन)

• अथ: then
• अथ: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; आरम्भ/अनन्तर (particle: then/now)

• अन्यत्: another
• अन्यत्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन) (elliptic: ‘another [case]’)

• तस्मात्: from that / therefore
• तस्मात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Ablative (पञ्चमी) Singular (एकवचन)

• तु: but
• तु: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/विशेष (particle: but/indeed)

• वर्ज्यानि: to be avoided
• वर्ज्यानि: Vidheyavisheshana (विधेय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्ज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन); gerundive/adjectival sense ‘to be avoided’

• एतानि: these
• एतानि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• पण्डितैः: by the wise
• पण्डितैः: Kartr-karana (कर्तृ-करण/तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्डित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन)

• गर्भहन्तुः: of the embryo-slayer
• गर्भहन्तुः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भ-हन्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: गर्भं हन्ति इति; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी) Singular (एकवचन)

• सुतः: son
• सुतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• निघ्नः: killer / destructive
• निघ्नः: Vidheyavisheshana (विधेय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निघ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• मोहनी: enchantress / deluder
• मोहनी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोहनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• अपि: also
• अपि: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अप्यर्थ (particle: also/even)

• कन्यका: a young girl
• कन्यका: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कन्यका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Not explicit in excerpt; didactic warning within domestic dharma

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ācāra
• Parvan restrictions
• Karmic consequence framing

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The ethical thrust is precautionary: acts with generational consequences should be regulated by restraint and tradition. The stark outcomes function as deterrents to heed timing and discipline.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This is dharma/ācāra and does not map to the five purāṇic characteristics.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Harmful progeny’ can symbolize the fruits of untimely or unrighteous action—misdirected desire producing inner poisons (moha) and violence (nighna).