Shloka 91

Adhyaya 21 — Kuvalayashva’s Descent to Patala and the Rescue of Madalasa

Sanskrit

सत्पात्रेण त्वया पुत्र तारितोऽहं महात्मना ।

भयेभ्यो मुनयस्त्राता येन सद्धर्मचारिणः ॥

Transliteration

satpātreṇa tvayā putra tārito 'haṃ mahātmanā / bhayebhyo munayastrātā yena saddharmacāriṇaḥ

Translation

သားရေ—လက်ခံထိုက်သူ၊ စိတ်ကြီးမြတ်သူ—သင့်ကြောင့် ငါသည် ကယ်တင်ခြင်းရခဲ့၏။ သင့်ကြောင့်လည်း သမ္မာဓမ္မကို ကျင့်သုံးသော ရှင်ရသေ့တို့သည် ကြောက်ရွံ့မှုများမှ ကာကွယ်ခံရ၏။

Word by Word

• सत्-पात्रेण: by a worthy vessel (recipient)
• सत्-पात्रेण: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत् (प्रातिपदिक) + पात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—कर्मधारय (sat + pātra = satpātra)

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• पुत्र: O son
• पुत्र: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular

• तारितः: (I am) saved / delivered
• तारितः: Karma (कर्म/Patient)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तॄ (धातु)
• Form: Past Passive Participle (कृत्—क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; agrees with अहम्

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• महात्मना: by the great-souled one
• महात्मना: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular

• भयेभ्यः: from fears
• भयेभ्यः: Apadana (अपादान/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• मुनयः: sages
• मुनयः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

• त्राता: protector
• त्राता: Karta (कर्ता/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रा (धातु)
• Form: Agent noun (कृत्—तृच्), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate to येन (he who is protector)

• येन: by whom
• येन: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun, Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular

• सत्-धर्म-चारिणः: those who practice true dharma
• सत्-धर्म-चारिणः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत् (प्रातिपदिक) + धर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + चारिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; समासः—तत्पुरुष (saddharma + cārin = saddharmacārin)

Speakers

• King (father) speaking to his son

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Protection of sages
• Royal duty (rāja-dharma)
• Merit of safeguarding dharma
• Satpātra ideal

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Rājadharma is defined by protection: the highest political virtue is to remove fear for the righteous—especially sages and dharma-practitioners—so that spiritual and social order can flourish.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical teaching embedded in vaṃśānucarita narrative: while not a formal pañcalakṣaṇa section, it functions as dharma-upadeśa through the exemplum of a royal household.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Protecting munis from fear’ can be read inwardly: the disciplined intellect (muni) is safeguarded from the disturbances (bhaya) by the heroic faculty of resolve—so contemplation can remain steady.