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Shloka 18

Kośārtha-Rājadharma: Ethical Revenue Collection and Social Regulation (कोशार्थ-राजधर्मः)

प्रभुर्नियमने राजा य एतान्‌ न नियच्छति । भुड्धक्ते स तस्य पापस्य चतुर्भागमिति श्रुति:

bhīṣma uvāca | prabhur niyamane rājā ya etān na niyacchati | bhunakte sa tasya pāpasya caturbhāgam iti śrutiḥ ||

ဘိဿမက မိန့်ကြားသည်—ထိန်းချုပ်ရာ၌ အာဏာရှိသူမှာ ဘုရင်ဖြစ်သည်။ ထိုအမှားပြုသူတို့ကို တားဆီးနိုင်စွမ်းရှိလျက် မထိန်းချုပ်ပါက၊ သာသနာတော်အစဉ်အလာ (श्रुति) အရ သူတို့ကျူးလွန်သော အပြစ်၏ လေးပုံတစ်ပုံကို ဘုရင်ကလည်း ခံစားရသည်ဟု ဆိုကြသည်။ ဤသင်ခန်းစာသည် အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးပျက်ကွက်ခြင်းသည် သီလပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ ပူးပေါင်းပါဝင်မှုဖြစ်ကြောင်း ထင်ရှားစေသည်။

प्रभुःcapable, competent (one)
प्रभुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नियमनेin restraining/controlling
नियमने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनियमन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एतान्these (persons/things)
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नियच्छतिrestrains, controls
नियच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-यम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
भुङ्क्तेenjoys/experiences (bears)
भुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof that / of those
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
पापस्यof the sin
पापस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
चतुर्भागम्a fourth part
चतुर्भागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्भाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
श्रुतिःthe Vedic tradition/authority
श्रुतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
Ś
Śruti (scriptural authority)

Educational Q&A

A ruler is ethically accountable for preventable wrongdoing within his realm: if he has the capacity to restrain offenders but fails to do so, he incurs a share (one-fourth) of their sin, as affirmed by śruti.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma teaches the kingly duty of regulation and punishment: governance is not merely power but responsibility, and negligence in enforcing restraint makes the king a participant in the moral consequences.