Sutra 23

Devanagari script

कलहे द्रव्यमपहरतो दशपणो दण्डः क्षुद्रकद्रव्यहिंसायां तच्च तावच्च दण्डः स्थूलकद्रव्यहिंसायां तच्च द्विगुणश्च दण्डः वस्त्राभरणहिरण्यसुवर्णभाण्डहिंसायां तच्च पूर्वश्च साहसदण्डः ॥ कZ_०३.१९.२३ ॥

Transliteration

kalahe dravyam apaharato daśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ kṣudrakadravyahiṃsāyāṃ tacca tāvacca daṇḍaḥ sthūlakadravyahiṃsāyāṃ tacca dviguṇaś ca daṇḍaḥ vastrābharaṇahiraṇyasuvarṇabhāṇḍahiṃsāyāṃ tacca pūrvaś ca sāhasadaṇḍaḥ

Translation

ရန်ဖြစ်ရာတွင် ပစ္စည်းကို ယူဆောင်သွားသူအား ပဏ ၁၀ ဒဏ်တပ်မည်။ သေးငယ်သောပစ္စည်းပျက်စီးမှုတွင် ဒဏ်ငွေသည် ထိုပမာဏတူညီပြီး၊ ကြီးမားသောပစ္စည်းပျက်စီးမှုတွင် နှစ်ဆဒဏ်တပ်မည်။ အဝတ်အစား၊ အလှဆင်ပစ္စည်း၊ ငွေ၊ ရွှေ သို့မဟုတ် သတ္တုအိုးအခွက်များကို ပျက်စီးစေပါက ထိုဒဏ်ငွေကို ချမှတ်သည့်အပြင် ယခင်က သတ်မှတ်ထားသော sāhasa (အကြမ်းဖက်မှု) ဒဏ်ကိုလည်း ထပ်မံချမှတ်ရမည်။

Word by Word

कलहेin a quarrel / in the course of a quarrel

द्रव्यम्property, an article/asset

अपहरतः(of one) taking away / removing (another’s property)

दशपणः(a fine of) ten paṇas

दण्डःthe penalty/fine

क्षुद्रकद्रव्यहिंसायाम्in the case of damage to petty/low-value property

तत्that (same)

चand

तावत्to that extent / the same amount

चand

दण्डःthe fine/penalty

स्थूलकद्रव्यहिंसायाम्in the case of damage to substantial/major property

तत्that (fine)

चand

द्विगुणःdouble

चand

दण्डःthe fine/penalty

वस्त्राभरणहिरण्यसुवर्णभाण्डहिंसायाम्in the case of damage to cloth, ornaments, silver/treasure, gold, and vessels

तत्that (fine)

चand

पूर्वःthe earlier (one) / previously stated

चand

साहसदण्डःthe sāhasa-penalty (fine for forcible/violent wrongdoing)

Entities Mentioned

offender

victim

court/state

FAQs

What policy choice is reflected by adding sāhasa-daṇḍa for certain items?

Kauṭilya treats attacks on portable wealth and valuables as higher-risk for escalation and organized predation, justifying cumulative punishment (property harm + violence category).