Sutra 29

Devanagari script

सांव्यवहारिकेषु वा प्रात्ययिकेष्वराजवाच्येषु भ्रेषोपनिपाताभ्यां नष्टं विनष्टं वा मूल्यमपि न दद्युः ॥ कZ_०३.१२.२९ ॥

Transliteration

sāṃvyavahārikeṣu vā prātyayikeṣv arājavācyeṣu bhreṣopanipātābhyāṃ naṣṭaṃ vinaṣṭaṃ vā mūlyam api na dadyuḥ

Translation

ဘုရင့်တရားရုံးသို့ မတင်သင့်သော ကိုယ်ပိုင်အရောင်းအဝယ်များ သို့မဟုတ် ယုံကြည်မှုအပေါ် အခြေခံသည့် ကိစ္စများတွင် မတော်တဆ လွဲထားခြင်း သို့မဟုတ် ရုတ်တရက် ဘေးအန္တရာယ်ကြောင့် ဆုံးရှုံး/ပျက်စီးသွားပါက ပျောက်ဆုံး/ပျက်စီးသွားသည့် အရာ၏ တန်ဖိုးတောင် မပေးဆောင်ရန် အတင်းအကျပ် မလုပ်ရ။

Word by Word

• सांव्यवहारिकेषु: in matters of litigation/transactions (judicial dealings)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सांव्यवहारिक
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे/नपुंसकलिङ्गे (प्रायः विशेषणरूपेण), सप्तमी बहुवचनम्; विषय-सप्तमी

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्

• प्रात्ययिकेषु: in credit-based (trust-based) matters/claims
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: प्रात्ययिक
• Form: विशेषणरूपेण, सप्तमी बहुवचनम्; विषय-सप्तमी

• अराजवाच्येषु: in matters not to be brought before the king (non-justiciable)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अराजवाच्य
• Form: विशेषणरूपेण, सप्तमी बहुवचनम्; विषय-सप्तमी; नञ्-पूर्वक निषेध

• भ्रेष: by mistake / due to error
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रेष
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया एकवचनम् (भ्रेषेण) — सन्ध्यन्तर-लोप; करण/हेतु-तृतीया

• उपनिपाताभ्याम्: by accident / due to mishap
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपनिपात
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया द्विवचनम्; करण/हेतु-तृतीया

• नष्टम्: lost
• Type: Participle
• Root: नश्
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; (मूल्यं) विशेषणम्

• विनष्टम्: destroyed / perished
• Type: Participle
• Root: नश् (वि-नश्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; (मूल्यं) विशेषणम्

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्

• मूल्यम्: the price/value (compensation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूल्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया एकवचनम्; कर्म

• अपि: even
• Type: Particle
• Root: अपि
• Form: समुच्चय/अवधारण/अपि-कार

• न: not
• Type: Particle
• Root: न
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्ययम्

• दद्युः: they should give / should pay (here: should not pay)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा
• Form: लोट्/विधिलिङ् (आज्ञा/विधान), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्; विधिवाक्ये निषेधेन—‘न दद्युः’ = ‘should not give’

Entities Mentioned

• king’s court (rājavācya)
• private transactors

More Details

FAQs

What liability rule is stated here?

For certain private, trust-based dealings not meant for royal adjudication, accidental loss/calamity does not create a duty to compensate the value.

What is the administrative intent?

To prevent state courts from imposing strict liability in informal/private arrangements and to conserve judicial attention for justiciable matters.