Sutra 26

Devanagari script

शौचसामर्थ्यापदेशेन व्यसनाभ्युदयावेक्षणेन वा प्रतिपूजनमिति दानम् ॥ कZ_०९.५.२६ ॥

Transliteration

śaucasāmarthyāpadeśena vyasanābhyudayāvekṣaṇena vā pratipūjanam iti dānam

Translation

“ဒါန” (dāna) ဆိုသည်မှာ အပြန်အလှန်လက်ဆောင်ပေးခြင်းဖြင့် တစ်ဦးတစ်ယောက်ကို ကိုယ့်ဘက်သို့ ဆွဲဆောင်အောင်လုပ်ခြင်းဖြစ်သည်—ကိုယ့်၏ သန့်ရှင်းတည်ကြည်မှုနှင့် စွမ်းရည်ကို အကြောင်းပြ၍ဖြစ်စေ၊ သို့မဟုတ် သူတို့၏ ဒုက္ခအခက်အခဲနှင့် တိုးတက်နိုင်ခြေကို စောင့်ကြည့် (ပြီး အခွင့်ကောင်းယူ) ၍ဖြစ်စေ။

Word by Word

• शौच: purity, cleanliness (esp. ritual/physical purity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुच्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• सामर्थ्य: capacity, ability, competence
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर्थ
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• अपदेशेन: by (the) pretext/plea (of)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपदिश्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया एकवचन; करण/हेतु-अर्थे

• व्यसन: misfortune, distress, calamity
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यस्/व्यसन
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• अभ्युदय: prosperity, rise, success
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभि-उद्-इ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• अवेक्षणेन: by observing/considering, by inspection
• Type: Noun
• Root: अव-ईक्ष्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया एकवचन; करण/हेतु-अर्थे

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

• प्रतिपूजनम्: reciprocal honoring; return of respect/hospitality
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रति-पूज्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

• इति: thus; so (as defined)
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: इत्यर्थे अव्यय; उद्धरण/परिभाषा-समाप्ति सूचक

• दानम्: a gift; giving (donation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दा
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• targets of inducement (officials/actors)
• king (implied)

More Details

FAQs

What does Kauṭilya define as dāna here?

Dāna is reciprocal honoring through gifts/benefits, guided either by projecting one’s probity and capacity or by strategically reading the target’s vulnerabilities and ambitions.

What is the administrative intent of ‘vyasana–abhyudaya-avekṣaṇa’?

It is intelligence-led persuasion: map a person’s pressures and aspirations to tailor inducements that reliably shift their loyalty or cooperation.