Skanda Purana — Prabhasa Khanda, Shloka 35

Devanagari script

आदित्येऽहनि संक्रांतौ ग्रहणे चन्द्र सूर्ययोः । पारणैश्चैव गोदाने नोपोष्यः पौत्रवान्गृही

Transliteration

āditye'hani saṃkrāṃtau grahaṇe candra sūryayoḥ | pāraṇaiścaiva godāne nopoṣyaḥ pautravāngṛhī

Translation

Pada hari Ahad, ketika Saṅkrānti (peralihan suria), dan saat gerhana bulan atau matahari—juga pada waktu pāraṇa (membuka puasa) serta ketika melakukan sedekah lembu—seorang grihastha yang mempunyai cucu lelaki tidak wajar berpuasa.

Word by Word

• आदित्ये: on Sunday / on (the day of) the Sun
• आदित्ये: Adhikarana (Location/Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन

• अहनि: on a day
• अहनि: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन

• संक्रान्तौ: at the solar ingress (saṅkrānti)
• संक्रान्तौ: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संक्रान्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन

• ग्रहणे: during an eclipse
• ग्रहणे: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रहण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन

• चन्द्र-सूर्ययोः: of the Moon and the Sun
• चन्द्र-सूर्ययोः: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक) + सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), द्विवचन; द्वन्द्वसमास (itaretara-dvandva)

• पारणैः: by (acts of) breaking the fast / pāraṇa
• पारणैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• गोदाने: in the giving of a cow (cow-donation)
• गोदाने: Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोदान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation)

• उपोष्यः: should be fasted (i.e., one should fast)
• उपोष्यः: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपोष्य (प्रातिपदिक; √उपवस्/उपोष् + यत्, ‘to be fasted’)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive/तव्यत्-प्रत्ययार्थ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (to be fasted)

• पौत्रवान्: having grandsons
• पौत्रवान्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पौत्रवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; मतुप्-अर्थ (possessing grandsons)

• गृही: householder
• गृही: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृहिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speaker

Unspecified in excerpt (within Prabhāsa-kṣetra Māhātmya narration)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Prabhāsa-kṣetra

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A household elder with a grandson present refrains from fasting on saṅkrānti/eclipse day; instead he performs go-dāna and pāraṇa at the proper time, with priests and family gathered near a Śiva shrine.

Characters & Entities

• Saṅkrānti
• Grahaṇa (eclipse)
• Go-dāna
• Gṛhastha

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Vrata practice must be harmonized with one’s life-stage and responsibilities; dharma is contextual, not merely austere.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The guidance is situated in Prabhāsa-kṣetra Māhātmya, where correct observance of vrata and dāna supports the sanctity of Prabhāsa.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

A rule about upavāsa (fasting): certain householders (pautravān) should avoid fasting on specified occasions such as saṅkrānti, eclipses, pāraṇa times, and go-dāna.