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Skanda Purana — Prabhasa Khanda, Shloka 62

प्रेष्यो ग्राम्यश्च राज्ञश्च कुनखी श्यावदंतकः । प्रतिरोद्धा गुरोश्चैव त्यक्ता ग्निर्वार्धुषिस्तथा

preṣyo grāmyaśca rājñaśca kunakhī śyāvadaṃtakaḥ | pratiroddhā guroścaiva tyaktā gnirvārdhuṣistathā

Demikian juga hendaklah dijauhi: hamba suruhan; orang kampung yang kasar; orang dalam khidmat raja; yang kukunya cacat; yang giginya menghitam; yang menghalang perbuatan dharma; yang menentang guru; yang meninggalkan api suci; serta si pemakan riba (pemberi pinjam berfaedah).

preṣyaḥservant, messenger
preṣyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpreṣya (प्रातिपदिक; √preṣ (धातु) से निष्पन्न)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘भृत्य/सेवक’ अर्थे
grāmyaḥrustic, vulgar
grāmyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootgrāmya (प्रातिपदिक; grāma-सम्बन्धी)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
rājñaḥof the king
rājñaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
kunakhīone with bad/deformed nails
kunakhī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootku-nakhin (प्रातिपदिक; ku + nakhin)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘कु’ उपसर्गपूर्वक नखिन्—दुष्टनखयुक्त
śyāvadaṃtakaḥone with dark teeth
śyāvadaṃtakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśyāva + dantaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; श्यावाः दन्ताः यस्य/श्यावदन्तः इति विशेषणवत्
pratiroddhāobstructor, opposer
pratiroddhā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprati-√rudh (धातु) + tṛ (प्रत्यय) → pratiroddhṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘प्रतिरोधक’
guroḥof the teacher
guroḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootguru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक अव्यय (particle: indeed/only)
tyaktāabandoned, forsaken
tyaktā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√tyaj (धातु) + kta (क्त) → tyakta (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा, एकवचन (पाठभेदसम्भवः); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; ‘त्यक्तः’
agniḥfire
agniḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootagni (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
vārdhuṣiḥVārdhuṣi (a person/type so named)
vārdhuṣiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvārdhuṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; जातिवाचक/व्यक्तिवाचक (अर्थः: वार्धुषि—विशिष्ट दोष/व्यक्ति)
tathālikewise
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक अव्यय (adverb: likewise)

Skanda (deduced from Prabhāsa-khaṇḍa māhātmya discourse style)

Tirtha: Prabhāsa-kṣetra

Type: kshetra

Listener: Householder-pilgrims performing pitṛ rites

Scene: A ritual boundary scene: the yajamāna and qualified brāhmaṇas inside; outside stand figures symbolizing exclusions—royal servant with insignia, menial with tools, usurer with ledger, a man turning away from a sacred fire, and a figure disrespecting a guru.

FAQs

Conduct opposed to dharma—especially guru-opposition and abandonment of sacred duties—undermines ritual fitness.

Prabhāsa-kṣetra, in whose māhātmya proper śrāddha conduct is taught.

A list of categories to avoid when selecting participants/recipients in śrāddha-related rites.