जिह्वालौल्यरताः सर्वे सर्वे ते पारमार्थिनः । निर्धना रोगिणश्चैते तस्करानृतभाषिणः
jihvālaulyaratāḥ sarve sarve te pāramārthinaḥ | nirdhanā rogiṇaścaite taskarānṛtabhāṣiṇaḥ
Mereka semua gemar akan kelincahan lidah (rasa dan tutur), namun tetap berbicara tentang tujuan ‘paramārtha’ yang luhur. Mereka miskin dan berpenyakit—pencuri serta penutur dusta.
Unspecified (contextual narrator within Dharmāraṇyakhaṇḍa)
Scene: A cautionary scene: a group of ascetic-looking men speaking lofty words while indulging in rich food and sharp speech; in the background, signs of poverty and illness, and a shadowy act of theft—visualizing the verse’s moral diagnosis.
Spiritual talk without self-restraint and truthfulness is condemned; dharma requires integrity in speech and conduct.
No site is mentioned; the verse is an ethical characterization within the narrative.
None; the focus is moral discipline—satya (truth) and restraint of the tongue.