Rig Veda 3.31.8: Mandala 3, Sukta 31, Mantra 8

Sukta 3.31

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional)

Devata: Indra (as slayer of Śuṣṇa; opener of heavenly paths)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सतःसतः प्रतिमानं पुरोभूर्विश्वा वेद जनिमा हन्ति शुष्णम् । प्र णो दिवः पदवीर्गव्युरर्चन्त्सखा सखीँरमुञ्चन्निरवद्यात् ॥

Transliteration

satáḥ-satáḥ pratimā́naṃ puró-bhūr víśvā veda jánimā hánti śúṣṇam | prá ṇo diváḥ padavī́r gavyúr arcant sakhā́ sakhī́m̐r amuñcan nír avadyā́t ||

Translation

Dia yang menjadi ukuran bagi setiap keadaan wujud, yang mendahului, mengetahui segala kelahiran dan menumpaskan Śuṣṇa (kuasa yang mengeringkan). Untuk kami, pencari kawanan bercahaya telah membuka laluan-laluan langit dengan nyanyian yang bersinar; Sang Sahabat telah melepaskan para sahabatnya daripada cela yang mengikat.

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Word by Word

• सतःसतः: continually, ever and again
• सतःसतः: Adhikaraṇa (adverbial: ‘continually/at every time’)
• Type: Noun (used adverbially) / Adjective
• Root: सत् (प्रा. < √अस् ‘to be’)

• प्रति: towards, in return, against
• प्रति: — (preverb/adverbial) संश्लेषः with following noun
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• मानम्: measure, standard
• मानम्: Karma (object of an implied/understood action ‘sets/places/holds as a measure/standard’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान (प्रा. < √मा ‘to measure’)

• पुरोभूः: the one who is foremost / who goes before
• पुरोभूः: Kartā (subject epithet, of Indra)
• Type: Adjective (agent-noun)
• Root: पुरो-भू (कृदन्त; पुरस् + √भू ‘to be/become’)

• विश्वा: all (things)
• विश्वा: Karma (object of √विद्)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: विश्व (प्रा.)

• वेद: knows
• वेद: — (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् ‘to know’

• जनिमा: births, origins
• जनिमा: Karma (object of √विद्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनिमन्/जनिमा (प्रा. < √जन् ‘to be born, produce’)

• हन्ति: slays
• हन्ति: — (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् ‘to strike, slay’

• शुष्णम्: Śuṣṇa (the demon)
• शुष्णम्: Karma (object of √हन्)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: शुष्ण (प्रा.; demon-name)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: — (preverb) modifies following verb/imperative
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• नः: for us, to us
• नः: Sampradāna (beneficiary: ‘for us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• दिवः: of heaven, from the sky
• दिवः: Apādāna/Adhikaraṇa (source/realm: ‘from heaven’ / ‘of heaven’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (प्रा.)

• पदवीः: paths, tracks
• पदवीः: Karma (object of an imperative like ‘make/lead forth’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पदवी (प्रा.)

• गव्युः: cow-seeking, seeking cattle (wealth)
• गव्युः: Kartā (subject epithet, of the singer/Indra depending on construal)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: गव्यु (प्रा.; ‘seeking cows’, from गो + √इ/√यु?)

• अर्चन्: praising, singing
• अर्चन्: Kartā (concomitant action: ‘praising’)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √अर्च् ‘to praise, sing’

• सखा: friend
• सखा: Kartā (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रा.)

• सखीः: friends, companions
• सखीः: Karma (object of √मुच्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रा.)

• अमुञ्चन्: released, set free
• अमुञ्चन्: — (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मुच् ‘to release’ (with augment a-)

• निः: out, forth
• निः: — (preverb) intensifies ‘out, forth’
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: निः (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अवद्यात्: from reproach, from fault
• अवद्यात्: Apādāna (source: ‘from blame/fault’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवद्य (प्रा.; ‘blame, reproach, fault’)