Rig Veda 10.93.13: Mandala 10, Sukta 93, Mantra 13

Sukta 10.93

Devata: Indra (context of 10.93; wealth/strength imagery; transition into Soma-pressing hymns)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for RV 10.93; verse-length and cadence consistent)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वावर्त येषां राया युक्तैषां हिरण्ययी । नेमधिता न पौंस्या वृथेव विष्टान्ता ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.93.13

Transliteration

vā́varta yéṣāṃ rāyā́ yuktáiṣāṃ hiraṇyáyī | némadhitā́ ná paṃsyā́ vṛ́thāiva viṣṭā́ntā ||

Translation

Berputar dan bergeraklah kepenuhan mereka; kekayaan mereka masuk ke dalam kuk yang tepat; bagi mereka sinar keemasan terikat. Kekuatan kelelakian mereka tidak tertahan pada sekadar setengah ukuran; ia tidak berserak sia-sia, tetapi sampai ke penghujungnya yang tetap.

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Word by Word

• वावर्त: whirls/turns (around)
• वावर्त: Kriyā (finite verb of the clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृत् (वर्तते/वर्तयति) → वावर्त (intensive/perfect-like reduplicated form)

• येषाम्: of whom; whose
• येषाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation: ‘of whom/whose’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• राया: by/with wealth
• राया: Karaṇa (instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राय् (स्त्री. ‘wealth, bounty’)

• युक्तैषाम्: with (their) yoked (teams); of them
• युक्तैषाम्: Karaṇa (युक्तैः ‘with the yoked/with teams’), plus Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (एषाम् ‘of these/them’)
• Type: Adjective + Pronoun
• Root: युक्त (ppp of √युज् ‘to yoke, join’) + एषाम् (enclitic gen.pl. pronoun)

• हिरण्ययी: golden
• हिरण्ययी: Kartā/Viśeṣaṇa (predicate/qualifier of an implied feminine noun, e.g., ‘राय्/श्रीः’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिरण्यय (adj. ‘golden’, from हिरण्य ‘gold’)

• नेमधिता: firmly set; unshaken
• नेमधिता: Kartā/Viśeṣaṇa (predicate/qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नेमधित (Vedic adjective/participle-like form; traditionally taken as ‘firmly fixed/established, not to be displaced’; exact derivation uncertain in RV lexica)

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• पौंस्या: manly powers; virilities
• पौंस्या: Kartā/Karma (contextual: ‘manly powers’ as subject or object of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौंस्य (neut. ‘manliness, virility, strength’)

• वृथा: in vain
• वृथा: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वृथा

• इव: like; as
• इव: Upamā (simile marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• विष्टान्ता: having a resting-place; coming to rest; settled
• विष्टान्ता: Kartā/Viśeṣaṇa (predicate/qualifier)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: विष्टान्त (Vedic noun/adj.; ‘resting-place, settled end/limit; cessation’; from √स्था with viṣ-/viṣṭa- complex; lexicalized RV form)