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Shloka 43

लङ्कादाह-प्रचोदनं तथा वानर-राक्षस-समरारम्भः

The Burning of Lanka and the Outbreak of Battle

आदिष्टावानरेन्द्रास्तेसुग्रीवेणमहात्मना ।आसन्नद्वारमासाद्ययुध्यध्वंप्लवगर्षभाः ।।।।यश्चवोवितथंकुर्वात्तत्रतत्रव्यवस्थितः ।स हन्तव्योहिसंफ्लुत्यराजशासनदूषकः ।।।।

ādiṣṭā vānarendrās te sugrīveṇa mahātmanā | āsannadvāram āsādya yudhyadhvaṃ plavagarṣabhāḥ ||

Diperintahkan oleh Sugrīva yang berhati mulia, para pemimpin Vānara itu berkata: “Wahai yang terunggul di antara kaum kera! Setelah sampai ke pintu gerbang yang dekat ini, bertempurlah!”

ādiṣṭāḥcommanded/ordered
ādiṣṭāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; described)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√diś (दिश्, धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/PPP), Puṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā (Nominative/प्रथमा) Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन); agrees with vānarendrāḥ
vānarendrāḥmonkey-chiefs
vānarendrāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa: 'vānareṣu indraḥ' (chief among monkeys)
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Bahuvacana
sugrīveṇaby Sugriva
sugrīveṇa:
Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्ता-करण/Agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootsugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/तृतीया) Ekavacana
mahātmanāthe great-souled
mahātmanā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi: 'mahān ātmā yasya saḥ' qualifying sugrīveṇa
āsanna-dvāramthe gate nearby
āsanna-dvāram:
Karma (कर्म/Object of āsādya)
TypeNoun
Rootāsanna (प्रातिपदिक) + dvāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: 'āsannaṃ dvāram' (the near/approached gate)
āsādyahaving reached
āsādya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√sad (सद्, धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त), 'having reached/approached'
yudhyadhvamfight!
yudhyadhvam:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Command)
TypeVerb
Root√yudh (युध्, धातु)
FormLoṭ-lakāra (Imperative/लोट्), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd/मध्यमपुरुष) Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)
plavaga-ṛṣabhāḥO bulls among monkeys!
plavaga-ṛṣabhāḥ:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
TypeNoun
Rootplavaga (प्रातिपदिक) + ṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa: 'plavageṣu ṛṣabhāḥ' (best/bulls among monkeys), vocative sense in address though form = nominative plural
yaḥwhoever
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject of kurvāt)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormRelative pronoun (यद्), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta (Conjunction/समुच्चय-निपात)
vaḥof you/your
vaḥ:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध/Your)
TypeNoun
Rootyuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/षष्ठी) Bahuvacana; enclitic form
vitathamfalsehood/what is untrue
vitatham:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootvitatha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; used adverbially as object/complement of kurvāt
kurvātshould do/does
kurvāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ (कृ, धातु)
FormVidhiliṅ-lakāra (Optative/विधिलिङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd/प्रथमपुरुष) Ekavacana, Parasmaipada
tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormDeśa-avyaya (Locative adverb/देश-अव्यय)
tatrahere and there
tatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormPunarnirdiśa (reduplication for distributive sense)
vyavasthitaḥstationed/standing
vyavasthitaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-ava-√sthā (स्था, धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त/PPP), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana; qualifies yaḥ
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana
hantavyaḥmust be slain
hantavyaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate necessity)
TypeVerb
Root√han (हन्, धातु)
FormGerundive/Obligative (तव्यत्), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana; passive necessity: 'must be killed'
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (Particle/निपात; emphasis/for)
saṃphlutyahaving violated
saṃphlutya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-√plu (प्लु, धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त), 'having transgressed/violated'
rāja-śāsana-dūṣakaḥa violator of the king's command
rāja-śāsana-dūṣakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक) + śāsana (प्रातिपदिक) + dūṣaka (प्रातिपदिक from √dūṣ/दूष्)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa chain: 'rājñaḥ śāsanam' + 'tasya dūṣakaḥ'

Sugriva the great king of Vanaras commanded all the bulls among Vanaras, to encounter after reaching the gate of Lanka. "He who is staying wherever they are does not obey the king's command will be killed for being guilty of flouting the command", ordered Sugriva to the Vanaras.

S
Sugrīva
V
Vānara leaders (vānarendrāḥ)
L
Laṅkā (implied by context)

FAQs

It highlights rājadharma and collective duty: once a righteous objective is set (rescuing Sītā and defeating adharma), disciplined obedience and coordinated action become a moral obligation in war.

At the gates of Laṅkā, Sugrīva mobilizes the Vānara forces and directs them to advance to the gate and begin the assault.

Sugrīva’s leadership and decisiveness—issuing clear, timely commands to maintain order and effectiveness in a critical battle moment.