Shloka 119

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

रामास्त्रविद्धोघोरंवैनदन्राक्षसपुङ्गवः ।अभ्यधावतसङ्कृद्धोहरीन् निद्रावयन् रणे ।।।।

Transliteration

rāmāstra-viddho ghoraṃ vai nadan rākṣasa-puṅgavaḥ | abhyadhāvata saṅkruddho harīn vidrāvayan raṇe ||

Translation

Ditembusi senjata panah Rāma, pemuka rākṣasa itu mengaum ngeri; dalam amarah membara dia menerpa, menghamburkan para vānarā di medan perang.

Word by Word

• रामास्त्र-विद्धः: pierced by Rama's missiles
• रामास्त्र-विद्धः: Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: राम-अस्त्र-विद्ध (प्रातिपदिक; √व्यध् (धातु) > विद्ध (कृदन्त))
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कृदन्त-भूतकृदन्त (PPP), √व्यध् (to pierce)

• घोरम्: terribly
• घोरम्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: घोर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय-क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative usage)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha-nipāta (सम्बन्ध-निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle/emphasis)

• नदन्: roaring
• नदन्: Karta-sahakārī (कर्ता-सहकारी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नद् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (Present active participle), परस्मैपदी; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• राक्षस-पुङ्गवः: the foremost of the Rakshasas
• राक्षस-पुङ्गवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस + पुङ्गव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• अभ्यधावत: rushed towards
• अभ्यधावत: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि+√धाव् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपदी

• सङ्कृद्धः: enraged
• सङ्कृद्धः: Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सङ्+√क्रुध् (धातु) > क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (PPP), √क्रुध् (to be angry); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• हरीन्: the Vanaras
• हरीन्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• निद्रावयन्: driving away/scattering
• निद्रावयन्: Kriyā-sahakārī (क्रिया-सहकारी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि+√द्राव् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (Present active participle), परस्मैपदी; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

Context

Pierced by Rama's missiles, the foremost of the Rakshasas, Kumbhakarna was very angry and rushed towards him dispersing all the vanaras in the battle.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Kumbhakarṇa
• Vānaras (Harīn)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights how adharma-driven rage harms many beyond the primary duel; dharma in war aims to limit harm, whereas uncontrolled fury spreads suffering.

What is the narrative situation?

Despite being wounded by Rāma’s astras, Kumbhakarṇa roars and charges, causing panic and dispersal among the vānaras.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The vānaras’ vulnerability before overwhelming force is shown, setting the stage for Rāma’s protective leadership and steadiness.