Shloka 5

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

सर्वंतत्खलुमेमोघंयत्तप्तंपरमंतपः ।यत्समानोमहेन्द्रेणमानुषेणास्मिर्जितः ।।।।

Transliteration

sarvaṃ tat khalu me moghaṃ yat taptaṃ paramaṃ tapaḥ |

yat samāno mahendreṇa mānuṣeṇāsmi jitaḥ ||

Translation

Sesungguhnya, segala tapa tertinggi yang telah aku lakukan kini menjadi sia-sia—kerana aku, yang menyangka diriku setara Mahendra, telah ditewaskan oleh seorang manusia biasa.

Word by Word

• sarvam: all
• sarvam: Karta (कर्ता/subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of tat)

• tat: that
• tat: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• khalu: indeed
• khalu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: khalu (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (indeed/surely)

• me: my
• me: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी एकवचन (genitive: my) / दत्तिव-सम्बन्धे (possessive)

• mogham: futile
• mogham: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (विधेय/ predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mogha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषणम् (predicate adjective)

• yat: which
• yat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative marker)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-सर्वनाम (relative)

• taptam: performed
• taptam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/of tapaḥ)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tap (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘performed/undertaken’

• paramam: supreme
• paramam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/of tapaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• tapaḥ: austerity; penance
• tapaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject of implied ‘is’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tapas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन

• yat: that (in that)
• yat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative marker)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, यत्-सम्बन्धक (relative)

• samānaḥ: equal
• samānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: samāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषणम् (agreeing with aham implied)

• mahendreṇa: with Mahendra (Indra)
• mahendreṇa: Karaṇa (करण/instrument-like: ‘as compared with’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahendra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन; तुल्ययोगे करणवत् (standard of comparison)

• mānuṣeṇa: by a human
• mānuṣeṇa: Karta (कर्ता/agent in passive construction)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mānuṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन; कर्तृ-निर्देशे (agent in passive)

• asmi: am
• asmi: Kriyā (क्रिया/auxiliary)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन

• jitaḥ: defeated
• jitaḥ: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (विधेय/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ji (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्मणि (passive sense)

Context

" All the penance which I have done, and the asceticism practised by me equal to Mahendra has become purposeless and defeated."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Mahendra (Indra)
• Rāma (implied as the 'human')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It warns against pride born of power and austerity: tapas without humility and righteousness does not secure true victory; dharma, embodied by Rāma, prevails.

What is the narrative situation?

A defeated or shaken Rāvaṇa reflects that his austerities feel wasted because he has been overcome by a human opponent.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

On the dharmic side, Rāma’s steadfastness is implied; on Rāvaṇa’s side, the vice of arrogance (mada) is exposed through lament.