Shloka 19

द्वन्द्वयुद्धप्रवृत्तिः

Dvandva-Yuddha: The Onset of Single Combats

Devanagari script

तस्यकाञ्चनचित्राङ्गंरथंसाश्वंससारथिम् ।जघानसमरेश्रीमानङ्गदोवेगवान्कपिः ।।6.43.19।।

Transliteration

tasya kāñcanacitrāṅgaṃ rathaṃ sāśvaṃ sasārathim |

jaghāna samare śrīmān aṅgado vegavān kapiḥ ||

Translation

Di medan perang, Aṅgada yang gagah, cemerlang dan pantas itu menumbangkan kereta perang berhias emas miliknya, beserta kuda-kuda dan saisnya.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of him (Indrajit)
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध

• काञ्चनचित्राङ्गम्: ornamented with golden designs
• काञ्चनचित्राङ्गम्: कर्म-विशेषण (object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काञ्चन + चित्र + अङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि (काञ्चनैः चित्राणि अङ्गानि यस्य = having limbs adorned with golden designs)

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्म

• साश्वम्: with horses
• साश्वम्: कर्म-विशेषण (object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव (अश्वैः सह = with horses)

• ससारथिम्: with charioteer
• ससारथिम्: कर्म-विशेषण (object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + सारथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव (सारथिना सह = with charioteer)

• जघान: smashed/struck down
• जघान: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अधिकरण

• श्रीमान्: splendid/illustrious
• श्रीमान्: कर्ता-विशेषण (subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रीमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (of अङ्गदः)

• अङ्गदः: Angada
• अङ्गदः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्गद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्ता

• वेगवान्: swift
• वेगवान्: कर्ता-विशेषण (subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वेगवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (of अङ्गदः)

• कपिः: monkey
• कपिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समनाधिकरण (apposition to अङ्गदः)

Context

Wishing victory for Ravana, the tiger among ogres, the Rakshasas of terrific deeds sallied forth accompanied by horses with golden trappings and seizing posts, which were like flames of fire shining like the sun's rays on the chariots and delightful shields, roaring resounding in all the ten directions.

Characters & Entities

• Aṅgada
• Indrajit (implied by tasya)
• Chariot (ratha)
• Horses (aśva)
• Charioteer (sārathi)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is steadfastness after being struck: Aṅgada responds with effective, focused action rather than despair, modeling disciplined courage in adversity.

What is the narrative situation?

After being attacked, Aṅgada counters by smashing the enemy’s chariot system—chariot, horses, and driver—turning the tide in that encounter.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Resilient heroism—quick recovery and decisive counterattack.