Shloka 1

चित्रकूटगमनम् तथा पर्णशालाप्रवेशः

Arrival at Chitrakuta and Establishing the Leaf-Hut

Devanagari script

अथ रात्र्यां व्यतीतायामवसुप्तमनन्तरम्।प्रबोधयामास शनैर्लक्ष्मणं रघुनन्दनः।।।।

Transliteration

atha rātryāṃ vyatītāyām avasuptam anantaram | prabodhayāmāsa śanair lakṣmaṇaṃ raghunandanaḥ ||

Translation

Setelah malam berlalu, Rāma—kebanggaan keturunan Raghu—perlahan-lahan membangunkan Lakṣmaṇa yang sedang tidur.

Word by Word

• अथ: then
• अथ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: मङ्गल/अनन्तरार्थक-अव्यय (then/thereafter)

• रात्र्याम्: in the night
• रात्र्याम्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• व्यतीतायाम्: when (the night) had passed
• व्यतीतायाम्: Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-अती (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP) used adjectivally, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute) with रात्र्याम्

• अवसुप्तम्: sleeping
• अवसुप्तम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव-स्वप् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of लक्ष्मणम्)

• अनन्तरम्: immediately thereafter
• अनन्तरम्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाववत् क्रियाविशेषणम् (adverb) ‘immediately/afterwards’

• प्रबोधयामास: awakened
• प्रबोधयामास: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-बुध् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Periphrastic perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्; causative sense ‘caused to wake’

• शनैः: gently; slowly
• शनैः: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: शनैः (अव्यय)
• Form: रीतिवाचक-अव्यय (manner adverb)

• लक्ष्मणम्: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• रघुनन्दनः: Rama (delight of the Raghus)
• रघुनन्दनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रघु-नन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

When the night was over, Rama, Delight of the Raghus, gently awakened Lakshmana who was asleep.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma (Raghunandana)
• Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in daily conduct (ācāra): gentleness toward others, even in austere life, reflects self-control and respect for a companion’s fatigue.

What is the narrative situation?

At Citrakūṭa, after a night’s rest, Rāma wakes Lakṣmaṇa softly to begin the day’s activities.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Considerate leadership—Rāma’s tenderness and restraint.