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Valmiki Ramayana 2.42.33: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 42, Shloka 33

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः · दशरथस्य शोक-विलापः तथा कौशल्यागृह-प्रवेशः

Dasaratha’s Lament and Return to Kausalya’s Apartments

अथ रात्र्यां प्रपन्नायां कालरात्र्यामिवात्मनः ।

अर्धरात्रे दशरथः कौशल्यामिदमब्रवीत् ॥३३॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.42.33

atha rātryāṃ prapannāyāṃ kālarātryām ivātmanaḥ |

ardharātre daśarathaḥ kauśalyām idam abravīt ||33||

Kemudian, apabila malam telah menjelma—bagaikan malam maut bagi dirinya—pada tengah malam Daśaratha berkata demikian kepada Kausalyā.

athathen
atha:
Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअनन्तरवाचक-अव्यय (then)
rātryāmin the night
rātryām:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootrātri (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
prapannāyāmhaving set in / having come
prapannāyām:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√pad (धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; विशेषण (रात्र्याम्)
kāla-rātryāmthe night of death
kāla-rātryām:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक) + rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (कालस्य रात्रिः)
ivalike
iva:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमावाचक-अव्यय
ātmanaḥfor himself / of himself
ātmanaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
ardha-rātreat midnight
ardha-rātre:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootardha (प्रातिपदिक) + rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (रात्रेः अर्धे)
daśarathaḥDasaratha
daśarathaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdaśaratha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
kauśalyāmto Kausalya / Kausalya
kauśalyām:
Sampradana/Sambodhana (सम्प्रदान/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootkauśalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बोधनार्थे द्वितीया (addressing)
idamthis
idam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
abravītsaid/spoke
abravīt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

In the middle of the night which, for him, felt like the night of death Dasaratha said to Kausalya thus:

D
Daśaratha
K
Kausalyā

FAQs

The verse frames suffering as a consequence within the moral universe of itihāsa: when dharma is strained (through vows, boons, and exile), the resulting pain can feel like death—yet the narrative insists on truth-bound action.

At midnight, Daśaratha—near collapse—turns to Kausalyā to speak, the night itself described as ominous and death-like for him.

Kausalyā’s role as steady companion in crisis is implied; Daśaratha’s vulnerability foregrounds the human dimension of royal dharma.

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