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Shloka 30

एकोनचत्वारिंशः सर्गः

Dasaratha’s Lament, Sumantra’s Commission, and Sita’s Vow of Marital Dharma

मितं ददाति हि पिता मितं माता मितं सुतः।अमितस्य हि दातारं भर्तारं का न पूजयेत्।।2.39.30।।

mitaṃ dadāti hi pitā mitaṃ mātā mitaṃ sutaḥ |

amitasya hi dātāraṃ bhartāraṃ kā na pūjayet ||2.39.30||

Bapa memberi kebahagiaan dengan kadar tertentu; ibu juga dengan kadar tertentu; anak juga dengan kadar tertentu. Tetapi suami dianggap pemberi kebahagiaan yang tiada batas—wanita manakah yang tidak memuliakan suami sedemikian?

mitaṃlimitedly
mitaṃ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmita (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from √mā ‘measure’)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; used adverbially ‘to a limited extent’
dadātigives
dadāti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dā (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/निश्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), emphasis
pitāfather
pitā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
mitaṃlimitedly
mitaṃ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmita (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from √mā)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; adverbial
mātāmother
mātā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
mitaṃlimitedly
mitaṃ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmita (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from √mā)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; adverbial
sutaḥson
sutaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsuta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
amitasyaof the unlimited
amitasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootamita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (agreeing with implied ‘dānam’/‘pradānam’), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular; ‘of the unlimited’
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/निश्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), emphasis
dātāramgiver
dātāram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular
bhartāramhusband
bhartāram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; in apposition to dātāram
who (woman)
:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
FormInterrogative pronoun (किम्), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle used rhetorically
pūjayetwould worship/honour
pūjayet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√pūj (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

While the happiness that the father, mother and son give is limited, a husband gives unlimited happiness. Which wife will not worship such a husband?

S
Sītā
K
Kauśalyā
B
bhartṛ (husband) (concept)
S
suta (son) (concept)

FAQs

It articulates a normative dharmic hierarchy of relationships in which the husband-wife bond is treated as central to a woman’s life and duty, and therefore worthy of reverence and service.

Continuing her address to Kauśalyā, Sītā justifies her unwavering attachment to Rāma and her decision to share his hardship by emphasizing the traditional esteem accorded to the husband.

Sītā’s reverence (pūjā-bhāva) and commitment to marital fidelity are foregrounded as her guiding virtues.