Shloka 18

कौशल्यारामसंवादः

Kausalya–Rama Dialogue on Exile-Dharma

Devanagari script

एवमुक्ता प्रियं पुत्रं बाष्पपूर्णानना तदा।उवाच परमार्ता तु कौशल्या पुत्रवत्सला।।2.24.18।।

Transliteration

evam uktā priyaṃ putraṃ bāṣpa-pūrṇānanā tadā | uvāca paramārtā tu kauśalyā putra-vatsalā || 2.24.18 ||

Translation

Setelah dipertuturkan demikian oleh putera yang dikasihinya, Kausalyā—ibu yang amat menyayangi anak—dalam kesengsaraan yang mendalam, dengan wajah dibanjiri air mata, lalu berkata kepada anaknya yang tercinta.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारार्थ

• उक्ता: having been addressed
• उक्ता: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; क्त, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (कौशल्या)

• प्रियम्: beloved
• प्रियम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: priya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying 'पुत्रम्')

• पुत्रम्: son
• पुत्रम्: Karma (कर्म; addressee)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• बाष्प-पूर्ण-आनना: with face filled with tears
• बाष्प-पूर्ण-आनना: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bāṣpa (प्रातिपदिक) + pūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + ānana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (कर्मधारय-श्रृंखला: 'बाष्पेण पूर्णम् आननम् यस्याः'); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying 'कौशल्या')

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (then)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• परम-आर्ता: greatly distressed
• परम-आर्ता: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक) + ārta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारयसमास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying 'कौशल्या')

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अन्वय/विरोध

• कौशल्या: Kausalya
• कौशल्या: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kauśalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• पुत्र-वत्सला: affectionate to her son
• पुत्र-वत्सला: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक) + vatsala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (उपपद-तत्पुरुष: 'पुत्रे वत्सला'); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

Context

Thus addressed by Rama, the affectionate Kausalya, deeply distressed, her eyes filled with tears, said to her beloved son:

Characters & Entities

• Kauśalyā
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse frames a dharmic crisis through human emotion: even while dharma is being discussed in the scene, Kauśalyā’s truthful, unhidden grief (satya of feeling) is acknowledged as part of righteous living.

What is the narrative situation?

In Ayodhyā, after Rāma has spoken to her in the context of his impending forest-exile, Kauśalyā—overcome with sorrow—begins her reply.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kauśalyā’s vātsalya (motherly devotion) and emotional sincerity are foregrounded, setting up her plea and moral anxieties about separation.