Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 20, Shloka 30

अयोध्याकाण्डे विंशः सर्गः

Rama Enters Kauśalyā’s Antaḥpura; Ritual Preparations and the Shock of Exile

Devanagari script

भरताय महाराजो यौवराज्यं प्रयच्छति।मां पुनर्दण्डकारण्ये विवासयति तापसम्।।।।

Transliteration

bharatāya mahārājo yauvarājyaṃ prayacchati | māṃ punar daṇḍakāraṇye vivāsayati tāpasam ||

Translation

Maharaja sedang mengurniakan jawatan putera mahkota kepada Bharata, sedangkan aku pula diusir ke rimba Daṇḍaka—untuk hidup sebagai seorang tapa, pertapa.

Word by Word

• bharatāya: to Bharata
• bharatāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular

• mahārājaḥ: the great king
• mahārājaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; karmadhāraya ‘great king’

• yauvarājyam: the heir-apparent status
• yauvarājyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuvan + rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘status of heir-apparent/yuvarāja-hood’

• prayacchati: bestows
• prayacchati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra + √yam (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (लट्, present), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular, Parasmaipada

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Accusative (2nd), Singular

• punaḥ: again
• punaḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) ‘again’

• daṇḍakāraṇye: in the Dandaka forest
• daṇḍakāraṇye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daṇḍaka + āraṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th), Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘in the Daṇḍaka-forest’

• vivāsayati: exiles
• vivāsayati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + √vas (धातु, causative)
• Form: Laṭ (present), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada; ṇijanta (णिजन्त, causative) ‘causes to dwell away/exiles’

• tāpasam: (as) an ascetic
• tāpasam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāpasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; predicate/object-complement to mām (me as an ascetic)

Context

The great king is conferring the status of heir-apparent on Bharata while he is banishing me to Dandaka forest to live like an ascetic.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Bharata
• Daṇḍaka forest

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma of obedience to rightful royal decision and the father’s pledged word: Rama states the political reality without resentment, accepting exile as part of truth-bound duty.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama informs Kausalya that Bharata is being appointed heir-apparent while Rama is being exiled to the forest.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Duty-bound composure and absence of envy toward Bharata.