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Shloka 19

गुणप्रशंसा–युवराजनिर्णयः

Praise of Rama’s Virtues and the Decision on the Heir-Apparent

स तु श्रेष्ठैर्गुणैर्युक्तः प्रजानां पार्थिवात्मजः।बहिश्चर इव प्राणो बभूव गुणतः प्रियः।।।।

sa tu śreṣṭhair guṇair yuktaḥ prajānāṃ pārthivātmajaḥ | bahiścara iva prāṇo babhūva guṇataḥ priyaḥ ||

Dihiasi dengan sifat-sifat terunggul, putera raja itu menjadi kesayangan rakyat; kerana kebaikannya, baginda bagi mereka laksana nafas hayat—prāṇa—yang bergerak di luar tubuh.

saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम ‘he’
tuindeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, विरोध/अन्वयार्थक (but/indeed)
śreṣṭhaiḥwith excellent
śreṣṭhaiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśreṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन; ‘with excellent’
guṇaiḥqualities
guṇaiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootguṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; ‘with qualities’
yuktaḥendowed
yuktaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootyuj (धातु) + yukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘endowed/connected’
prajānāmof the subjects
prajānām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन; ‘of the subjects’
pārthiva-ātmajaḥthe king’s son
pārthiva-ātmajaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpārthiva (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी) ‘पार्थिवस्य आत्मजः’; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘king’s son’
bahiścaraḥmoving outside
bahiścaraḥ:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeAdjective
Rootbahis (अव्यय/उपसर्गवत्) + cara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: तत्पुरुष/अव्ययीभाव-प्रायः ‘बहिः चरः’; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘moving outside’
ivalike
iva:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमानार्थक-अव्यय (like/as)
prāṇaḥlife-breath
prāṇaḥ:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootprāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘life-breath’
babhūvabecame
babhūva:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘became/was’
guṇataḥby his virtues
guṇataḥ:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootguṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + -tas (तसिल्)
Formतसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय; ‘by virtue of/owing to qualities’
priyaḥbeloved
priyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootpriya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘dear/beloved’

Bestowed with such excellent qualities, the prince (Rama) became a favourite of his subjects. He was like their vital life outside their bodies.

R
Rāma (implied)

FAQs

A ruler’s dharma is to become the people’s sustaining support through virtue; public trust is won not by power but by guṇa (ethical excellence).

The narration continues cataloguing Rāma’s qualities, emphasizing his bond with the citizens and his suitability for kingship.

Belovedness grounded in virtue—his moral character makes him life-giving to society.