Shloka 42

Dharma of the Renunciant: Alms Discipline, Meditation, and Expiations

Devanagari script

नापुत्रशिष्ययोगिभ्यो दद्यादेवमनुत्तमम् । ज्ञानं स्वयंभुवा प्रोक्तं यतिधर्म्माश्रयं शिवम्

Transliteration

nāputraśiṣyayogibhyo dadyādevamanuttamam | jñānaṃ svayaṃbhuvā proktaṃ yatidharmmāśrayaṃ śivam

Translation

Ajaran yang tiada bandingan ini jangan diberikan kepada mereka yang tidak layak sebagai anak, murid atau yogin. Pengetahuan yang suci lagi membawa berkat ini—diucapkan oleh Svayambhū (Brahmā)—berpijak pada dharma para yati dan bersifat Śiva (murni serta membawa kebajikan).

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (Negation/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation particle)

• अपुत्रशिष्ययोगिभ्यः: to non-sons, (non-)disciples, (non-)yogins (i.e., to those who are not qualified as son/disciple/yogin)
• अपुत्रशिष्ययोगिभ्यः: Sampradana (Recipient/Dative/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ (नञ्) + पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + शिष्य (प्रातिपदिक) + योगिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), बहुवचन; समासः—द्वन्द्व (पुत्र-शिष्य-योगिन्) + नञ्-पूर्वक (अपुत्र-); दान-प्राप्त्यर्थे

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• एवम्: thus / in this manner
• एवम्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (manner adverb)

• अनुत्तमम्: unsurpassed
• अनुत्तमम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ज्ञानम्)

• ज्ञानम्: knowledge
• ज्ञानम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• स्वयंभुवा: by Svayambhū (Brahmā)
• स्वयंभुवा: Karana (Agent-in-passive/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वयंभू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• प्रोक्तम्: spoken / taught
• प्रोक्तम्: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; (ज्ञानम्) प्रोक्तम्

• यतिधर्माश्रयम्: based on the dharma of ascetics
• यतिधर्माश्रयम्: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यति (प्रातिपदिक) + धर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + आश्रय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (यतिधर्मस्य आश्रयः) विशेषण (qualifying ज्ञानम्)

• शिवम्: auspicious
• शिवम्: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ज्ञानम्)

Speaker

Unspecified in the provided excerpt (context-dependent within Svarga-khaṇḍa dialogue)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: नापुत्रशिष्ययोगिभ्यः = न + अपुत्रशिष्ययोगिभ्यः; दद्यादेवम् = दद्यात् + एवम्; यतिधर्म्माश्रयम् = यतिधर्म + आश्रयम् (धर्म्म spelling variant).

Characters & Entities

• Svayambhū (Brahmā)
• Śiva (as 'śivam'—auspicious/Śiva-like)

FAQs

Why does the verse restrict giving this knowledge only to a son, disciple, or yogin?

It frames the teaching as esoteric and discipline-based: it should be transmitted only to trusted and properly prepared recipients—those bound by responsibility (son), trained commitment (disciple), or spiritual qualification (yogin).

What does 'yatidharmāśrayam' indicate about the nature of this knowledge?

It indicates the teaching is rooted in yati-dharma—the ethics and practices of renunciation—implying self-control, detachment, and spiritual discipline are prerequisites for understanding and living it.

What is the ethical lesson conveyed by calling the teaching 'śivam'?

By calling it 'śivam' (auspicious/beneficent), the verse implies that true knowledge should be shared responsibly, in ways that lead to welfare and purity rather than confusion, misuse, or spiritual harm.