Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 67

The Description of the Caturdaśī Vrata Observed throughout the Twelve Months

Devanagari script

अनर्काभ्युदिते काले स्नात्वा संतर्पयेद्यमम् । द्विसप्तनामभिः प्रोक्तैः सर्वपापविमुक्तये ॥ ६७ ॥

Transliteration

anarkābhyudite kāle snātvā saṃtarpayedyamam | dvisaptanāmabhiḥ proktaiḥ sarvapāpavimuktaye || 67 ||

Translation

Pada waktu matahari terbit dengan jelas tanpa terlindung awan, setelah mandi hendaklah seseorang mempersembahkan tarpaṇa kepada Yama, dengan menggunakan empat belas nama (dua kali tujuh) yang telah dinyatakan, demi terbebas sepenuhnya daripada segala dosa.

Word by Word

• अनर्क-अभ्युदिते: when the sun has not risen
• अनर्क-अभ्युदिते: अधिकरण (Time/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनर्क (प्रातिपदिक) + अभ्युदित (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (अनर्के अभ्युदिते = ‘when the sun is not risen’)

• काले: at the time
• काले: अधिकरण (Time/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन

• स्नात्वा: having bathed
• स्नात्वा: पूर्वक्रिया (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्ना (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund), धातु: स्ना

• संतर्पयेत्: should propitiate (offer libations to)
• संतर्पयेत्: विधेयक्रिया (Predicate action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + तृप् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; causative sense ‘to satisfy/offer libation’ (सन्तर्पयति)

• यमम्: Yama
• यमम्: कर्म (Karma/Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• द्वि-सप्त-नामभिः: with fourteen names
• द्वि-सप्त-नामभिः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + सप्त (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; द्विगु-समास (द्विसप्त = 14) + नामभिः = ‘with fourteen names’

• प्रोक्तैः: that are stated
• प्रोक्तैः: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र + वच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle/कृत), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; ‘having been stated’ (agreeing with नामभिः)

• सर्व-पाप-विमुक्तये: for liberation from all sins
• सर्व-पाप-विमुक्तये: प्रयोजन (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + पाप (प्रातिपदिक) + विमुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (सर्वेषां पापानां विमुक्तिः)

Speaker

Narada (teaching the Sanatkumara brothers in an instructional, ritual context)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Yama-tarpaṇa (rite within the Māgha kṛṣṇa caturdaśī context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Characters & Entities

• Yama
• Arka (Sun)

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It frames Yama-tarpana as a dharmic purification act: bathing and offering libations with prescribed names is presented as a direct means for sarva-pāpa-vimukti (release from accumulated sin).

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

While not explicitly bhakti-centric, it supports devotional life by prescribing ritual purity and moral order (dharma) as foundations; honoring Yama as the regulator of karma strengthens accountability that complements Vishnu-bhakti practice.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Kalā/auspicious timing and ritual procedure are emphasized—performing tarpana after snāna at a specific observable time (clear sunrise) reflects applied Jyotiṣa-like time-sense and Kalpa-style ritual discipline.