Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 25

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 109 — Karṇa–Bhīma Yuddha and Durmukha’s Fall (कर्णभीमयुद्धम्; दुर्मुखवधः)

हताश्चृं तु रथं त्यक्त्वा दुर्मुखो विमनास्तदा । आरुरोह रथं राजन्‌ निरमित्रस्थ भारत

hatāś ca tu rathaṃ tyaktvā durmukho vimanās tadā | ārurōha rathaṃ rājan niramitrastha bhārata ||

Sañjaya berkata: Kemudian Durmukha, semangatnya hancur, meninggalkan keretanya sendiri dan, pada saat itu dengan hati muram, menaiki sebuah kereta lain, wahai Raja—seolah-olah tiada lagi sahabat yang menyokongnya.

हतःslain / struck down
हतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned
त्यक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (धातु) → त्यक्त्वा
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada-neutral
दुर्मुखःDurmukha (proper name)
दुर्मुखः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्मुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विमनाःdejected, dispirited
विमनाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविमनस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
आरुरोहmounted, climbed onto
आरुरोह:
TypeVerb
Rootरुह् (धातु) → आ-रुह्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
निरमित्रस्थःstanding among the enemy-less / in a place free of foes (i.e., safe)
निरमित्रस्थः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिरमित्रस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Durmukha
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'rājan'/'bhārata')
C
chariot

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the psychological truth of war: when companions fall and support systems collapse, a warrior may become 'niramitra-stha'—effectively friendless—revealing how fragile confidence and alliances can be amid adharma-driven conflict.

Sañjaya reports that Durmukha, dejected after losses, leaves his own chariot and climbs onto another, indicating retreat from his previous position and a moment of vulnerability and disarray on the battlefield.