Shloka 83

Devanagari script

सर्व एते महात्मान: शरार्ता व्रणपीडिता: । संग्रामे न जहुर्भीष्मं युध्यमानं किरीटिना

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | sarva ete mahātmānaḥ śarārtā vraṇapīḍitāḥ | saṅgrāme na jahur bhīṣmaṃ yudhyamānaṃ kirīṭinā ||

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: “Semua pahlawan berjiwa besar itu, meskipun ditembusi panah dan diseksa luka, tetap tidak meninggalkan Bhīṣma di medan perang ketika baginda bertempur melawan Arjuna, si pemakai mahkota.”

Word by Word

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• महात्मानः: great-souled (men/warriors)
• महात्मानः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• शर-आर्ताः: afflicted by arrows
• शर-आर्ताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शरार्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• व्रण-पीडिताः: tormented by wounds
• व्रण-पीडिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्रणपीडित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• संग्रामे: in battle
• संग्रामे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: संग्राम
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• जहुः: they abandoned/left
• Type: Verb
• Root: हा
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• भीष्मम्: Bhishma
• भीष्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• युध्यमानम्: fighting
• युध्यमानम्: Karma
• Type: Participle
• Root: युध्
• Form: Atmanepada (Shatr̥), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• किरीटिना: by the diadem-wearer (Arjuna)
• किरीटिना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: किरीटिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīṣma
• Arjuna (Kirīṭin)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma expressed as steadfastness: even when wounded and suffering, warriors do not desert their commander in the midst of battle. It frames loyalty and endurance as ethical obligations within the martial code.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that many noble fighters, though badly injured by Arjuna’s arrows, continued to stand with Bhīṣma and did not leave him on the battlefield while Bhīṣma fought Arjuna.