Kurma Purana — Uttara Bhaga, Shloka 30

Bhojana-vidhi and Nitya-karman: Directions for Eating, Prāṇa-Oblations, Sandhyā, and Conduct Leading to Apavarga

Devanagari script

इत्येतदखिलेनोक्तमहन्यहनि वै मया / ब्राह्मणानां कृत्यजातमपवर्गफलप्रदम्

Transliteration

ityetadakhilenoktamahanyahani vai mayā / brāhmaṇānāṃ kṛtyajātamapavargaphalapradam

Translation

Demikianlah, hari demi hari, telah Aku nyatakan dengan sempurna seluruh rangkaian kewajipan yang ditetapkan bagi para Brahmana—amalan yang menganugerahkan buah apavarga, iaitu pembebasan muktamad.

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इति-शब्दः (quotative particle)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• अखिलेन: completely, in full
• अखिलेन: Karana (करण/instrument; adverbial)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अखिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन; adverbial-instrumental sense

• उक्तम्: has been said
• उक्तम्: Karma (कर्म; predicate of ‘एतत्’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; passive sense

• अहनि: on a day
• अहनि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन

• अहनि: day after day
• अहनि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति (iteration)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निश्चयार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)

• मया: by me
• मया: Kartr̥ (कर्ता/agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन

• ब्राह्मणानाम्: of Brahmins
• ब्राह्मणानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), बहुवचन

• कृत्यजातम्: the set of duties
• कृत्यजातम्: Karma (कर्म; apposition to ‘एतत्’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृत्य (प्रातिपदिक) + जात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (कृत्यानां जातम् = collection of duties)

• अपवर्गफलप्रदम्: granting the fruit of liberation
• अपवर्गफलप्रदम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/adjectival predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपवर्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + फल (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (अपवर्गस्य फलम्) + उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (फलप्रद = giver of fruit)

Speaker

Lord Kurma (Vishnu) instructing the inquirer (King Indradyumna) through the sages’ dialogue-frame

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Characters & Entities

• Brahmanas
• Apavarga (Liberation)

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

By presenting dharma as “apavarga-phala-prada” (granting liberation), the verse implies that disciplined action and purification culminate in release into the highest spiritual state—realization of the Self beyond bondage.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The verse summarizes a regimen of daily disciplines (nitya-karman and brahminical observances) as a liberation-oriented path; in Kurma Purana’s broader teaching, such disciplined conduct supports inner purity necessary for higher contemplative practice and Yoga.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

Though not naming Shiva directly, the verse reflects the Kurma Purana’s synthesis: liberation is reached through dharma and spiritual discipline taught by Vishnu (Kurma) in a manner compatible with Shaiva soteriology (apavarga/moksha as the final aim).