Brahma Purana — On Varna Mobility Through Conduct, Karma, and Food-Ethics, Shloka 55
Devanagari script
शूद्रो ऽपि द्विजवत् सेव्य इति ब्रह्माब्रवीत् स्वयम् स्वभावकर्मणा चैव यत्र शूद्रो ऽधितिष्ठति //
Translation
Ayat suci ini (55) dihimpunkan dalam Purana untuk menzahirkan makna dharma serta riwayat yang luhur.
Word by Word
śūdraḥa Śūdra
śūdraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)
apieven/also
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle (nipāta/निपात), concessive sense ‘even/also’
dvija-vatlike a twice-born
dvija-vat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adverbial qualifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक) + vat (तद्धित प्रत्यय)
FormAvyaya; taddhita-anta adverbial form with -vat (वत्) meaning ‘like/as’
sevyaḥworthy of service/respect
sevyaḥ:
Pradhāna-viśeṣya (प्रधान-विशेष्य/predicative)
TypeAdjective
Rootsevya (कृदन्त; √sev सेव्)
FormKṛtya (gerundive/कृत्य) in -ya; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; ‘to be served/respected’
itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha-dyotaka (वाक्यार्थ-द्योतक/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotative particle (iti/इति) marking reported speech
brahmāBrahmā
brahmā:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; irregular nominative ‘brahmā’
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया/verb)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (धातु)
FormLaṅ lakāra (imperfect/past/लङ्), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
svayamhimself
svayam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb (kriyāviśeṣaṇa/क्रियाविशेषण)
svabhāva-karmaṇāby (his) natural conduct/action
svabhāva-karmaṇā:
Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootsvabhāva (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa samāsa (तत्पुरुष): svabhāvasya karma = ‘one’s own nature’s action’; Napuṃsakaliṅga (neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग) instrumental (Tṛtīyā/तृतीया), Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction (samuccaya/समुच्चय)
evaindeed/only
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphatic particle (avadhāraṇa/अवधारण)
yatrawhere
yatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyatra (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; relative adverb (deśa-vācaka/देशवाचक) ‘where’
śūdraḥa Śūdra
śūdraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
adhitiṣṭhatipresides/stands over/occupies
adhitiṣṭhati:
Kriyā (क्रिया/verb)
TypeVerb
Rootadhi-√sthā (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra (present/लट्), Prathama puruṣa (3rd/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana; parasmaipada; upasarga adhi-
Speaker
Didactic speaker citing Brahmā’s pronouncement; addressed within a dialogue that includes Devī.