Brahma Purana — On Varna Mobility Through Conduct, Karma, and Food-Ethics, Shloka 13
Devanagari script
कर्मणा दुष्कृतेनेह स्थानाद् भ्रश्यति स द्विजः श्रेष्ठं वर्णम् अनुप्राप्य तस्माद् आक्षिप्यते पुनः //
Translation
Ayat ini (bab 223, rangkap 13) sesuai untuk bacaan devosi dan kajian ilmiah, sambil memelihara ketepatan ungkapan.
Word by Word
karmaṇāby action
karmaṇā:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)
duṣkṛtenaby evil deed
duṣkṛtena:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootduṣkṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); ‘evil deed’
ihahere
iha:
Desha-adhikarana (देशाधिकरण/Locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
sthānātfrom (his) position
sthānāt:
Apadana (अपादान/Source)
TypeNoun
Rootsthāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)
bhraśyatifalls down; deviates
bhraśyati:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootbhraṃś (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun
dvijaḥtwice-born (dvija)
dvijaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
śreṣṭhambest; excellent
śreṣṭham:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootśreṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with varṇam
varṇamclass/varṇa
varṇam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
anuprāpyahaving attained
anuprāpya:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया/Anterior action)
TypeVerb
Rootanu + √āp (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), ‘having attained’
tasmātfrom that (state)
tasmāt:
Apadana (अपादान/Source)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं); pronominal
ākṣipyateis cast down/dragged away
ākṣipyate:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootā + kṣip (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); passive sense (कर्मणि प्रयोग)
punaḥagain
punaḥ:
Kala-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण/Temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
Speaker
A narrator/teacher figure instructing a female addressee (implied by later ‘devi’ in v.22); exact interlocutors not named in these verses