Verse 2

Kaivalya

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

तस्मै स होवाच पितामहश्च श्रद्धाभक्तिध्यानयोगादवैहि ॥२॥

Padapatha (Word Split)

तस्मै । सः । ह । उवाच । पितामहः । च । श्रद्धा-भक्ति-ध्यान-योगात् । अवैहि ॥२॥

IAST Transliteration

tasmai sa hovāca pitāmahaś ca śraddhābhaktidhyānayogād avaihi ||2||

Translation

അവനോടു പിതാമഹൻ (ബ്രഹ്മാവ്) നിശ്ചയമായി പറഞ്ഞു: “ശ്രദ്ധ, ഭക്തി, ധ്യാനയോഗം എന്നിവയിലൂടെ ഇതിനെ അറിയുക.”

Academic Translation

To him the Grandfather (Brahmā) indeed said: “Know (this) through faith, devotion, and the yoga of meditation.”

Verse Context

• Sādhana for brahmajñāna: śraddhā, bhakti, dhyāna-yoga
• Mahavakya: Supports the means for mahāvākya assimilation (nididhyāsana): faith in the teaching, devotion to truth/guru/Īśvara, and contemplative absorption enabling direct recognition of identity.
• Atharva
• Atharva-veda (Kaivalya Upaniṣad; śākhā attribution not conclusively fixed) Shakha
• Chandas: Prose (brief upaniṣadic sentence)