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Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 1

Devanagari script

युधिष्ठिर उवाच । जलमध्ये महादेवः केन तिष्ठति हेतुना । उत्तरं दक्षिणं कूलं वर्जयित्वा द्विजोत्तम

Transliteration

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | jalamadhye mahādevaḥ kena tiṣṭhati hetunā | uttaraṃ dakṣiṇaṃ kūlaṃ varjayitvā dvijottama

Translation

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ ദ്വിജോത്തമാ! മഹാദേവൻ ജലത്തിന്റെ മദ്ധ്യത്തിൽ ഏതു ഹേതുവാൽ നിലകൊള്ളുന്നു? ഉത്തരവും ദക്ഷിണവും തീരങ്ങൾ വിട്ട് മദ്ധ്യത്തിൽ എന്തുകൊണ്ട് വസിക്കുന്നു?

Word by Word
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
जलमध्येin the middle of the water
जलमध्ये:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootजल + मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; जलस्य मध्ये इति (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)
महादेवःMahādeva (Śiva)
महादेवः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमहा + देव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; महांश्चासौ देवः इति
केनby what? / with what?
केन:
Karana/Hetu (करण/Instrument or means)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
तिष्ठतिstands / remains
तिष्ठति:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
हेतुनाfor what reason / by what cause
हेतुना:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; कारणार्थे
उत्तरम्northern
उत्तरम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (कूलम् इति)
दक्षिणम्southern
दक्षिणम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (कूलम् इति)
कूलम्bank/shore
कूलम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकूल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
वर्जयित्वाhaving avoided / leaving aside
वर्जयित्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवर्ज् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया
द्विजोत्तमO best of the twice-born (brāhmaṇa)
द्विजोत्तम:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; द्विजानाम् उत्तमः इति (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)
Speaker

Yudhiṣṭhira (explicit)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Revā (Narmadā) midstream Mahādeva-sthāna (as introduced)

Type: river

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Mārkaṇḍeya

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Yudhiṣṭhira, seated respectfully, questions sage Mārkaṇḍeya on a riverbank; in the background, a midstream rock/islet bears a Śiva-liṅga with water swirling around it, suggesting the deity ‘in the waters’.

Characters & Entities
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
M
Mahādeva (Śiva)
D
dvijottama (brāhmaṇa interlocutor)

FAQs

Sacred geography invites inquiry: the devotee seeks the hidden reason for Śiva’s special presence at a particular river-location.

A midstream (jala-madhya) Śiva-presence associated with a Revā river context, elaborated in the subsequent verses of Adhyāya 35.

None in this verse; it is a question initiating the next tīrtha-māhātmya explanation.

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